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下肢深静脉血栓形成(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)是血管外科常见病及多发病,其特点为发病隐匿、早期缺乏典型的临床症状,容易漏诊误诊,一旦血栓脱落可能会引起肺栓塞,病死率高达9%~50%,绝大多数死亡病例是在几分钟至几小时内死亡。引起DVT的三大因素有血流缓慢、静脉壁损伤和高凝状态,我国DVT的发病率近年来有逐年上升的趋势,发生肺栓塞的人数也在增加[1-3]。传统影像学无法对DVT进行早期诊断,也难以准确判断血栓的形成时期[2, 4]。分子影像学技术是建立在细胞和分子水平上研究机体生命活动的新技术[5],同时也为DVT的诊断开辟了新的途径。DVT相关靶点及示踪剂的发现在早期诊断DVT以及判断血栓形成时间方面表现出明显优势,提升了影像学的诊断能力[6]。本文从DVT新靶点和新示踪剂研究的角度对DVT诊断的分子影像学进展进行介绍。
下肢深静脉血栓形成的分子影像学进展
The progress of molecular imaging in deep vein thrombosis
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摘要: 深静脉血栓形成(DVT)是指血液在深静脉内非正常凝结,属于下肢静脉回流障碍性疾病,若不能及时诊断和处理,多数会演变为血栓形成后遗症,严重者可并发肺栓塞危及生命。医学影像学在诊断、评估DVT风险等方面具有十分重要的作用。在超声、CT等传统影像学技术的基础上,基于不同靶点和示踪剂的分子影像学技术已经在DVT诊断中得到了广泛的研究。笔者就DVT诊断相关靶点和示踪剂的研究进展予以综述。Abstract: Deep venous thrombosis(DVT) means that the abnormal coagulation of blood happened in deep vein, which belongs to the lower limbs venous reflux disorder.If it is not taken care of immediately, most of it will have post-thrombotic syndrome.Severe cases will have the life-threatening pulmonary embolism.Medical imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and assessment of DVT.Based on ultrasound, CT and some traditional imaging techniques, molecular imaging technique has got extensive research in the diagnosis of DVT.In this paper, the targets and tracer materials that are related to DVT diagnosis will be further generalized.
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Key words:
- Deep venous thrombosis /
- Molecular imaging /
- Target
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