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随着人们生活水平的不断提高,未来20年,亚洲国家面临着心血管疾病的严重威胁,其主要危险因素是高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症和高尿酸血症等。心肌细胞损伤标志物的发展,促使酶活性测定被蛋白质水平测定所替代,从而大大提高了对急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infraction,AMI)早期诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确率。血浆心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,CTnI)是近年来发展起来的一种高特异、高灵敏反映心肌损伤的血清标志物,已取代心肌酶谱,广泛用于心肌梗死、心绞痛的诊断和鉴别诊断中[1]。TNF-α的释放将导致细胞因子的平衡失调,造成血管内皮功能的异常,促进凝血,加速动脉硬化的形成,以致发生AMI[2]。高敏C反应蛋白(high sensitive C-reaction protein,hs-CRP)不仅参与内皮损伤的动脉粥样硬化的病理生理作用,还能促进动脉粥样硬化的形成,亦是斑块不稳定的原因和预测AMI、心脏猝死的独立危险指标[3]。β2微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)是AMI时血液供应障碍的敏感指标,并导致肾小球滤过率增加。为此,本研究进行了CTnI、TNF-α、hs-CRP和β2MG水平的测定。
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184例AMI患者的血浆CTnI、TNF-α、hs-CRP和β2-MG水平均较正常对照组显著升高,以血浆CTnI和hs-CRP升高最为显著(表 1)。由表 2可见,AMI患者心肌细胞损伤标志物的特异度、灵敏度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值和准确率亦以CTnI为最高,其次为hs-CRP、TNF-α和β2-MG。
组别 例数 CTnI(ng/ml) TNF-α(pg/ml) hs-CRP(mg/L) β2-MG(μg/L) 正常对照组 60 0.011±0.007 5.96±0.97 6.25±1.48 2.44±0.46 AMI患者组 184 0.091±0.029 11.76±1.58 29.01±4.82 6.03±1.84 t值 6.384 2.136 5.109 3.185 P值 <0.001 <0.05 <0.001 <0.01 注:表中,AMI:急性心肌梗死;CTnI:心肌肌钙蛋白I;hs-CRP:高敏C反应蛋白;β2-MG:β2微球蛋白。 表 1 184例AMI患者和60名健康体检者血浆心肌细胞损伤标志物水平
(x±s) Table 1. The plasma myocardial cell damage markers levels in 184 patients with acute myocardial infraction and 60 healthy controls
(x±s) 心肌细胞损伤标志物 特异度 阴性预测值 灵敏度 阳性预测值 准确率 3 h 6 h 9 h CTnI 96.67 88.33 21.74 92.93 98.37 89.67 89.24 TNF-α 51.67 51.67 17.93 65.76 69.02 64.67 61.48 hs-CRP 65.00 55.00 16.30 78.26 79.89 75.00 70.08 β2-MG 48.33 43.33 21.20 69.57 74.46 49.46 47.95 注:表中,CTnI:心肌肌钙蛋白I;hs-CRP:高敏C反应蛋白;β2-MG:β2微球蛋白。 表 2 184例AMI患者血浆心肌细胞损伤标志物的特异度、阴性预测值、灵敏度、阳性预测值和准确率
(%) Table 2. The specificity,negative predictive value,sensitivity,positive predictive value and efficiency levels of myocardial cell damage markers in 184 patients with acute myocardial infraction
(%) 100例随访患者中,63例出院后持续好转,19例治疗无效死亡,18例在随访期间因再发心肌梗死治疗无效死亡。63例治疗好转的AMI患者3个月后的血浆CTnI为(0.054±0.023)ng/ml,较治疗前[(0.091±0.029)ng/ml]显著降低,但仍较正常对照组高(t=3.347,P<0.01),血浆β2-MG<5.2 μg/L[(3.86±0.58)μg/L],较治疗前[(6.07±1.76)μg/L]显著降低(t=2.204,P<0.05);而另外37例经抢救无效死亡的AMI患者中,18例因再发心肌梗死治疗无效而死亡的患者血浆β2-MG>5.2 μg/L[(9.06±1.92)μg/L],较治疗前[(6.13±1.86)μg/L]显著升高(t=2.308,P<0.05),并因再次发生心肌梗死而死亡。
血浆心肌细胞损伤标志物检测急性心肌梗死患者心肌损伤的临床研究
The clinical study of plasma myocardial cell damage markers in detecting myocardial injury patients with acute myocardial infraction
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摘要:
目的 探讨血浆心肌细胞损伤标志物在检测急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心肌损伤中的价值。 方法 采用放射免疫分析法测定184例AMI患者和60名健康体检者(正常对照组)血浆心肌肌钙蛋白I(CTnI)、TNF-α、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平,并进行比较性分析。同时测定它们诊断AMI的特异度、阳性、阴性预测值、准确率以及入院后3、6、9 h时的灵敏度。 结果 184例AMI患者血浆CTnI、TNF-α、hs-CRP和β2-MG水平较正常对照组均显著升高(tCTnI=6.384,P<0.001;tTNF-α=2.136,P<0.05;ths-CRP=5.109,P<0.001;tβ2-MG=3.185,P<0.01),以血浆CTnI和hs-CRP水平升高最为显著。血浆CTnI、TNF-α、hs-CRP和β2-MG水平对AMI患者诊断的特异度分别为96.67%、51.67%、65.00%和48.33%。入院后3、6和9 h时对AMI患者诊断的灵敏度:血浆CTnI分别为21.74%、92.93%和98.37%;血浆TNF-α分别为17.93%、65.76%和69.02%;血浆hs-CRP分别为16.30%、78.26%和79.89%;血浆β2-MG分别为21.20%、69.57%和74.46%;以血浆CTnI为最高。阳性、阴性预测值和有效率亦以血浆CTnI为最高,分别为89.67%、88.33%、89.24%。 结论 心肌细胞损伤标志物CTnI不仅是早期诊断AMI的有效指标,而且具有治疗随访的临床价值。 Abstract:Objective To explore the value of plasma myocardial cell damage markers in detecting myocardial injury patients with acute myocardial infraction(AMI). Methods The plasma cardiac troponin I(CTnI), TNF-α, high sensitive C-reaction protein(hs-CRP) and β2-microglobulin(β2-MG) levels in 184 patients with AMI and 60 controls were determined by radioimmunoassay, and then the comparative analysis were carried on. The positive and negative predictive value, the specificity, the effective rate and the sensitivity of these myocardial cell damage markers at 3 h, 6 h, 9 h after admission to the hospital were determined. Results The plasma CTnI, TNF-α, hs-CRP and β2-MG levels in 184 patients with AMI were significantly higher than those in 60 controls(tCTnI=6.384, P < 0.001; tTNF-α=2.136, P < 0.05; ths-CRP=5.109, P < 0.001; tβ2-MG=3.185, P < 0.01). The plasma CTnI and hs-CRP levels increased significantly. The specificity of plasma CTnI, TNF-α, hs-CRP and β2-MG were 96.67%, 51.67%, 65.00% and 48.33% respectively in the diagnosis of AMI patients. The sensitivity of these myocardial cell damage markers in the diagnosis of AMI patients at 3 h, 6 h and 9 h after admission were showed as follows:the plasma CTnI were 21.74%, 92.93% and 98.37% respectively; the plasma TNF-α were 17.93%, 65.76% and 69.02% respectively; the plasma hs-CRP were 16.30%, 78.26% and 79.89% respectively, and the plasma β2-MG were 21.20%, 69.57% and 74.46% respectively, and the sensitivity of plasma CTnI was the highest. The positive, negative predict value and effective rate of plasma CTnI were the highest also, and they were 89.67%, 88.33%, 89.24% respectively. Conclusion The plasma CTnI levels of myocardial cell damage markers was a valuable index in the early diagnosis of AMI, and had clinical value in treatment following. -
表 1 184例AMI患者和60名健康体检者血浆心肌细胞损伤标志物水平
(x±s) Table 1. The plasma myocardial cell damage markers levels in 184 patients with acute myocardial infraction and 60 healthy controls
(x±s) 组别 例数 CTnI(ng/ml) TNF-α(pg/ml) hs-CRP(mg/L) β2-MG(μg/L) 正常对照组 60 0.011±0.007 5.96±0.97 6.25±1.48 2.44±0.46 AMI患者组 184 0.091±0.029 11.76±1.58 29.01±4.82 6.03±1.84 t值 6.384 2.136 5.109 3.185 P值 <0.001 <0.05 <0.001 <0.01 注:表中,AMI:急性心肌梗死;CTnI:心肌肌钙蛋白I;hs-CRP:高敏C反应蛋白;β2-MG:β2微球蛋白。 表 2 184例AMI患者血浆心肌细胞损伤标志物的特异度、阴性预测值、灵敏度、阳性预测值和准确率
(%) Table 2. The specificity,negative predictive value,sensitivity,positive predictive value and efficiency levels of myocardial cell damage markers in 184 patients with acute myocardial infraction
(%) 心肌细胞损伤标志物 特异度 阴性预测值 灵敏度 阳性预测值 准确率 3 h 6 h 9 h CTnI 96.67 88.33 21.74 92.93 98.37 89.67 89.24 TNF-α 51.67 51.67 17.93 65.76 69.02 64.67 61.48 hs-CRP 65.00 55.00 16.30 78.26 79.89 75.00 70.08 β2-MG 48.33 43.33 21.20 69.57 74.46 49.46 47.95 注:表中,CTnI:心肌肌钙蛋白I;hs-CRP:高敏C反应蛋白;β2-MG:β2微球蛋白。 -
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