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随着131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid cancer,DTC)术后患者的增多,131I治疗后扫描的假阳性已经越来越引起临床核医学工作者的重视。其中,部分年轻DTC术后患者131I治疗后有纵隔摄取131I而最终被证实为胸腺生理性摄取的报道较多[1]。为了优化DTC术后患者进一步的131I治疗方案,对纵隔异常131I摄取的鉴别诊断就显得尤为重要。本研究回顾性地分析了DTC术后患者131I治疗后全身显像(whole body scans,WBS)显示纵隔浓聚131I,并最终被证实为胸腺生理性摄取131I的临床特点及WBS的影像学特征,现将初步研究结果报道如下。
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纵隔部位有异常131I摄取者87例,最终被证实为纵隔转移者41例(47.1%);胸腺生理性摄取131I者16例(18.4%),均为乳头状甲状腺癌,其中,男性7例、女性9例,年龄7~41岁,131I治疗次数为1~9次,其中有15例患者接受过至少2次及以上131I治疗,每次131I的剂量均达3.70~9.25 GBq,随访时间6~75个月,仅有1例患者在第1次接受131I治疗后的WBS上胸腺就开始显影。胸腺生理性摄取131I在WBS上主要有两种表现形式,其中,弥漫性放射性浓聚灶13例(81%,图 1)、哑铃状放射性浓聚灶3例(19%,图 2)。且胸腺对131I的摄取呈现一种趋势:随重复131I治疗次数的增加而越来越明显(图 3)。具体情况见表 1。纵隔转移者与胸腺生理性摄取者在年龄、第一次131I治疗后纵隔部位显影例数及Tg水平方面的比较见表 2。
图 1 分化型甲状腺癌术后患者胸腺“弥漫性”摄取131I的全身显像图患者女性,15岁。131I全身显像示纵隔部位“弥漫性”放射性131I浓聚灶(左为前位像,右为后位像)。
Figure 1. 131I whole body scans of diffuse thymic uptake of 131I in post-operative patient with differentiated thyroid cancer
图 2 分化型甲状腺癌术后患者胸腺“哑铃状”摄取131I的全身显像图患者男性,7岁。131I全身显像示纵隔部位“哑铃状”放射性131I浓聚灶(左为前位像,右为后位像)。
Figure 2. 131I whole body scans of dumbbell-like thymic uptake of 131I in post-operative patient with differentiated thyroid cancer
图 3 分化型甲状腺癌术后患者不同时期的131I全身显像前位颈胸截图患者男性,24岁,总共进行了8次131I治疗。从第3次治疗后胸腺开始显影(3a),第4次(3b)、第5次(3c)及第6次(3d)治疗后胸腺显影越来越清晰。
Figure 3. Anterior neck and thorax images of 131I whole body scans at different times in post-operative patient with differentiated thyroid cancer
编号 性别 年龄(岁) n/N 胸腺摄取图像表现 Tg(ng/ml) TgAb(IU/ml) 随访时间(月) 随访末期疾病状态 1 男 7 3/9 哑铃状 793.0 7.1 60 无瘤生存 2 女 10 2/3 哑铃状 14.8 8.1 61 无瘤生存 3 女 15 3/4 弥漫性 2.5 10.0 23 无瘤生存 4 女 16 2/2 弥漫性 27.1 10.0 11 无瘤生存 5 男 18 2/3 弥漫性 86.5 11.7 44 淋巴转移 6 女 21 2/5 弥漫性 552.0 10.6 37 无瘤生存 7 女 22 2/2 弥漫性 36.8 10.0 8 无瘤生存 8 男 23 2/2 弥漫性 29.6 11.3 7 少许残甲 9 男 24 3/8 弥漫性 121.0 9.2 75 无瘤生存 10 女 26 2/2 弥漫性 28.1 10.0 9 少许残甲 11 女 26 2/2 弥漫性 112.0 10.0 27 少许残甲 12 男 29 2/2 哑铃状 27.1 10.6 28 无瘤生存 13 男 29 1/1 弥漫性 77.4 10.0 6 少许残甲 14 女 30 2/3 弥漫性 138.0 11.3 38 无瘤生存 15 女 30 2/2 弥漫性 20.3 18.9 26 少许残甲 16 男 41 2/2 弥漫性 0.1 10.0 37 无瘤生存 注:表中,n/N:N指随访末期时131I治疗的总次数,n指胸腺首次显影时131I治疗的次数;Tg:甲状腺球蛋白;TgAb:甲状腺球蛋白抗体;残甲:残余甲状腺;Tg及TgAb是停用甲状腺激素4~6周后胸腺显影时的测定值,Tg及TgAb的正常值范围分别为1.4~78.0 ng/ml和0~115.0 IU/ml。 表 1 16例分化型甲状腺癌术后胸腺生理性摄取131I患者的临床资料
Table 1. Clinical data of physiological thymic uptake of 131I in 16 cases of post-operative patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
组别 例数 ≤45岁者例数(%) 首次131I治疗后纵隔部位显影者例数(%) 甲状腺球蛋白
(x±s,ng/ml)胸腺生理性摄取者 16 16(100%) 1(6.3%) 129.14±220.84 纵隔转移者 41 29(70.7%) 30(73.2%) 594.70±1242.42 χ2值或t值 4.30a 20.78a 2.308b P值 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 注:表中,a为χ2值;b为t值。 表 2 纵隔转移者与胸腺生理性摄取者在年龄、首次131I治疗后纵隔部位显影者例数及Tg水平方面的比较
Table 2. Comparison of age, the cases of mediastinal uptake after the first 131I treatment and thyroglobulin levels between mediastinal metastasis and physiological thymic uptake patients
分化型甲状腺癌术后131I治疗患者胸腺生理性摄取131I的临床研究
Clinical research on physiological thymic uptake of 131I in post-operative patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
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摘要:
目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后131I治疗患者胸腺生理性摄取131I的临床特点及131I全身显像(WBS)的影像学特征。 方法 收集2007年至2013年收治的1882例次DTC术后131I治疗后第3~5天行WBS的患者,分析WBS上纵隔部位有131I摄取,并根据甲状腺球蛋白、甲状腺球蛋白抗体测定、其他影像学检查及临床随访结果最终被证实为胸腺生理性摄取131I的患者资料。 结果 胸腺生理性摄取131I者共16例,年龄均<45岁,其中有15例患者至少接受过2次131I治疗,仅有1例第1次131I治疗后胸腺显影; WBS上胸腺生理性摄取131I主要表现为“弥漫性”或“哑铃状”浓聚灶;且胸腺对131I的生理性摄取随重复131I治疗次数的增加而越来越明显。 结论 胸腺生理性摄取131I是45岁以下DTC术后患者多次131I治疗后WBS假阳性的重要原因之一,充分认识到这一现象并予以鉴别,对于患者下一步的恰当诊治是十分必要的。 Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical features and 131I whole body scans(WBS) characteristics of physiological thymic uptake of 131I in post-operative patients with differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC). Methods One thousand eight hundred and eighty-two WBS were performed on the 3-5 day after 131I therapy in post-operative patients with DTC between 2007 and 2013. On the basis of thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin antibody measurement, other imaging and clinical follow-up, the mediastinal activity was attributed to physiological thymic uptake of 131I. For such patients, their data were reviewed retrospectively. Results Physiological thymic uptake of 131I were confirmed in 16 patients. All of them were under the age of 45. Fifteen patients received at least two therapeutic doses of 131I, and there was only one patient to be found physiological thymic uptake of 131I on the first treatment. The pattern of physiological thymic uptake of 131I was classified as "diffuse" or "dumbbell". Thymic uptake of 131I became more prominent with repeated treatments. Conclusions For the next appropriate treatment, it is essential to acknowledge that physiological thymic uptake of 131I in patients with DTC under the age of 45 is an important cause of false-positive WBS. -
Key words:
- Thyroid neoplasms /
- Thymus gland /
- Iodine radioisotopes /
- Brachytherapy
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表 1 16例分化型甲状腺癌术后胸腺生理性摄取131I患者的临床资料
Table 1. Clinical data of physiological thymic uptake of 131I in 16 cases of post-operative patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
编号 性别 年龄(岁) n/N 胸腺摄取图像表现 Tg(ng/ml) TgAb(IU/ml) 随访时间(月) 随访末期疾病状态 1 男 7 3/9 哑铃状 793.0 7.1 60 无瘤生存 2 女 10 2/3 哑铃状 14.8 8.1 61 无瘤生存 3 女 15 3/4 弥漫性 2.5 10.0 23 无瘤生存 4 女 16 2/2 弥漫性 27.1 10.0 11 无瘤生存 5 男 18 2/3 弥漫性 86.5 11.7 44 淋巴转移 6 女 21 2/5 弥漫性 552.0 10.6 37 无瘤生存 7 女 22 2/2 弥漫性 36.8 10.0 8 无瘤生存 8 男 23 2/2 弥漫性 29.6 11.3 7 少许残甲 9 男 24 3/8 弥漫性 121.0 9.2 75 无瘤生存 10 女 26 2/2 弥漫性 28.1 10.0 9 少许残甲 11 女 26 2/2 弥漫性 112.0 10.0 27 少许残甲 12 男 29 2/2 哑铃状 27.1 10.6 28 无瘤生存 13 男 29 1/1 弥漫性 77.4 10.0 6 少许残甲 14 女 30 2/3 弥漫性 138.0 11.3 38 无瘤生存 15 女 30 2/2 弥漫性 20.3 18.9 26 少许残甲 16 男 41 2/2 弥漫性 0.1 10.0 37 无瘤生存 注:表中,n/N:N指随访末期时131I治疗的总次数,n指胸腺首次显影时131I治疗的次数;Tg:甲状腺球蛋白;TgAb:甲状腺球蛋白抗体;残甲:残余甲状腺;Tg及TgAb是停用甲状腺激素4~6周后胸腺显影时的测定值,Tg及TgAb的正常值范围分别为1.4~78.0 ng/ml和0~115.0 IU/ml。 表 2 纵隔转移者与胸腺生理性摄取者在年龄、首次131I治疗后纵隔部位显影者例数及Tg水平方面的比较
Table 2. Comparison of age, the cases of mediastinal uptake after the first 131I treatment and thyroglobulin levels between mediastinal metastasis and physiological thymic uptake patients
组别 例数 ≤45岁者例数(%) 首次131I治疗后纵隔部位显影者例数(%) 甲状腺球蛋白
(x±s,ng/ml)胸腺生理性摄取者 16 16(100%) 1(6.3%) 129.14±220.84 纵隔转移者 41 29(70.7%) 30(73.2%) 594.70±1242.42 χ2值或t值 4.30a 20.78a 2.308b P值 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 注:表中,a为χ2值;b为t值。 -
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