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分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma,DTC)公认的治疗方案为甲状腺全切或近全切术+131I去除残留甲状腺组织(简称清甲)和转移灶(简称清灶)治疗,且其安全性及有效性也已得到证实[1]。但对于低风险DTC患者使用131I清甲治疗时应采用的治疗剂量尚存在较大争议,有学者认为低剂量131I治疗也可获得同样的清甲效果,也有学者认为采用高剂量131I治疗能获得较高的清甲成功率,但高剂量131I治疗的同时会加重患者的不良反应、降低生活质量,甚至有报道称可增加继发性肿瘤的风险。本研究采用meta分析方法系统分析评价了低剂量(1110 MBq)与高剂量(3700 MBq)131I清甲治疗的成功率、不良反应发生率及患者短期的生活质量,为低风险DTC患者临床治疗方案的制定提供参考。
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应用检索词检索相关数据库,初筛文献共589篇,阅读文献摘要排除非RCT设计文献后,共选入19篇文献,精读全文并按纳入及排除标准进行筛选,最终纳入本研究文献共12篇。
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12篇文献中,9篇[2-10]为高剂量和低剂量131I清甲治疗疗效的对比研究,另3篇[11-13]为单剂量(1110 MBq或3700 MBq)研究。6篇[5, 8-9, 11-13]文献为两种准备方法——重组人促甲状腺激素(recombinant human thyrotropin,rhTSH)法与激素撤退法清甲治疗的对比分析研究,其中2篇[5, 13]因非RCT设计及资料不全被排除。2篇[8-9]文献采用SF-36评分方法评价DTC患者术后131I清甲治疗的生存质量分析结果。此外,3篇[5, 8-9]文献报道了DTC患者术后行131I清甲治疗期间严重不良反应的发生情况。
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采用改良Jadad量表对文献进行质量评价,其中7篇为高质量文献,5篇文献质量较低(均为3分)。因纳入本研究的文献较少,故漏斗图上表现出的点相对稀疏,但总体比较对称,故发表偏倚较小(图 1)。
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9篇高剂量和低剂量131I对比研究的异质性检验结果为I2=74%,P < 0.1,故采用随机效应模型进行分析。分析结果表明,按各文献报道的成功清甲标准,高剂量和低剂量组清甲成功率间差异无统计学意义(Z=1.80,P=0.07)(表 1)。但若以131I全身扫描阴性为成功清甲标准时,高剂量组清甲成功率高于低剂量组,且差异具有统计学意义(Z=2.16,P=0.03)(表 2)。4篇低剂量组内两种131I治疗准备方法的对比研究,其I2=78%,P=0.003,故采用随机效应模型分析。分析结果表明,低剂量组内rhTSH法与激素撤退法首次清甲成功率差异无统计学意义(Z=0.98,P=0.33)。3篇高剂量组内两种准备法的对比研究结果表明,两种准备法首次清甲成功率差异也无统计学意义(Z=0.33,P=0.74)(表 3)。
研究组 年份 低剂量组(1110 MBq) 高剂量组(3700 MBq) 权重因子(%) 相对危险度 95%CI 成功例数 患者总数 成功例数 患者总数 Creutzig[2] 1987 5 10 6 10 1.6 0.83 0.37~1.85 Johansen等[3] 1991 21 36 14 27 4.3 1.13 0.71~1.78 Bal等[4] 1996 17 27 28 38 6.5 0.85 0.60~1.21 Mäenpää等[5] 2008 42 81 43 77 8.2 0.93 0.70~1.24 Kukulska等[6] 2010 67 86 84 95 16.0 0.88 0.77~1.01 Fallahi等[7] 2012 71 171 117 170 11.9 0.60 0.49~0.74 Schlumberger等[8] 2012 316 347 314 337 20.9 0.98 0.94~1.02 Mallick等[9] 2012 182 214 184 207 19.6 0.96 0.89~1.03 Caglar等[10] 2012 38 47 35 48 11.0 1.11 0.89~1.38 总计 759 1019 825 1009 100 0.91 0.82~1.01 表 1 按各文献标准低剂量组与高剂量组131I清甲成功率meta分析结果
Table 1. Meta analysis results of success rate of 131I ablation between low- and high-dose group according to the criteria reported in each literature
研究组 年份 低剂量组(1110 MBq) 高剂量组(3700 MBq) 权重因子(%) 相对危险度 95%CI 成功例数 患者总数 成功例数 患者总数 Johansen等[3] 1991 21 36 14 27 4.7 1.13 0.71~1.78 Bal等[4] 1996 17 27 28 38 6.9 0.85 0.60~1.21 Mäenpää等[5] 2008 49 77 55 72 16.8 0.83 0.67~1.03 Mallick等[9] 2012 198 214 197 207 59.3 0.97 0.93~1.02 Caglar等[10] 2012 36 47 42 48 12.3 0.88 0.72~1.06 总计 321 401 336 392 100 0.94 0.88~0.99 表 2 以131I全身扫描阴性为标准时低剂量组与高剂量组131I清甲成功率meta分析结果
Table 2. Meta analysis results of success rate of 131I ablation between low- and high-dose group while the definition of successful ablation was based on whole body scan only
表 3 低剂量组与高剂量组内rhTSH法与激素撤退法清甲成功率meta分析结果(例)
Table 3. Meta analysis results of success rate of 131I ablation between rhTSH method and steroid withdrawal method of preparing 131I therapy in low- and high-dose group
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2篇文献采用SF-36量表评价患者短期生活质量,清甲治疗期间,高剂量组和低剂量组患者生理健康、心理健康两方面的SF-36评分差异均无统计学意义(Z=1.18,P=0.24)及(Z=0.96,P=0.34)。综合评价结果表明,两剂量组间差异亦无统计学意义(Z=0.37,P=0.71)(表 4)。
表 4 采用SF-36量表评价低剂量组与高剂量组患者生活质量的meta分析结果
Table 4. Meta analysis results of the health-related quality-of-life scores on the SF-36 between low- and high-dose group
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3篇文献报道清甲治疗时常见不良反应包括颈部疼痛、唾液腺功能紊乱、泪腺功能紊乱、胃肠道反应、味觉异常、口干等。meta亚组分析结果显示,高剂量组和低剂量组常见不良反应的总体发生率差异具有统计学意义(Z=5.15,P < 0.01)。各亚组分析结果表明,高剂量组的颈部疼痛、唾液腺功能紊乱、胃肠道反应的发生率较低剂量组高(Z=3.06,2.03和3.93,P < 0.05),但两组间泪腺功能紊乱、味觉异常及口干的发生率差异无统计学意义。而严重不良反应发生率的meta分析结果表明,两剂量组间差异有统计学意义(Z=2.30,P=0.02)。
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2篇文献报道的高剂量组和低剂量组131I清甲治疗所需隔离时间结果不一致,因此,本研究对所需隔离时间≥3 d组及 < 3 d组进行分组研究,结果显示高剂量组所需隔离时间≥3 d的患者例数明显多于低剂量组(Z=7.41,P < 0.01)。隔离时间 < 3 d组I2=96%,P < 0.01,故采用随机效应模型分析。结果显示,低剂量组所需隔离时间 < 3 d的患者例数与高剂量组间差异无统计学意义(Z=0.91,P=0.36)(表 5)。
表 5 高剂量组与低剂量组患者所需隔离时间≥3 d及 < 3 d组的meta分析结果(例)
Table 5. Meta analysis results of stay in hospital isolation unit greater than 3 days and less than 3 days between low- and high-dose group
131I去除分化型甲状腺癌术后残留甲状腺组织疗效的meta分析
A meta-analysis of efficacy of iodine-131 for post-thyroidectomy ablation of remnants in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
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摘要:
目的 用meta分析方法评价不同剂量131I去除分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后残留甲状腺组织(简称清甲)的疗效。 方法 检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、OVID、Embase、EBSCO、SpringerLink等数据库,初筛1980年1月至2013年8月有关高剂量(3700 MBq)与低剂量(1110 MBq)131I清甲治疗疗效的随机对照试验(RCT)文献。采用改良的Jadad量表对入选文献进行质量评价,用RveMan 5.1软件进行统计学分析。 结果 按照纳入及排除标准,共入选12篇RCT文献,共2290例患者。其中,高剂量组1069例、低剂量组1221例。按各文献报道的DTC患者术后131I清甲治疗成功标准,高剂量组与低剂量组首次清甲成功率之间的差异无统计学意义(Z=1.80,P > 0.05);低、高剂量组分别采用重组人促甲状腺激素法(311例vs. 288例)与激素撤退法(314例vs. 284例)两种131I治疗准备方法时,两种方法首次清甲成功率之间的差异也无统计学意义(Z=0.98和0.33,P > 0.05)。采用SF-36量表法分析DTC患者术后首次清甲治疗期间患者生活质量,两剂量组间差异也无统计学意义(Z=0.37,P > 0.05),但高剂量组不良反应发生率明显高于低剂量组(Z=5.15,P < 0.01),且所需隔离时间短。 结论 131I高剂量组与低剂量组以及两种不同准备方法的清甲治疗疗效基本一致,两剂量组治疗期间患者生存质量也无明显差别,但低剂量组较高剂量组的严重不良反应的发生率小。研究提示,对低风险DTC患者使用低剂量131I治疗可获得与高剂量131I治疗一致的清甲效果,同时可减少不良反应的发生。 Abstract:Objective To assess the effects of two different doses of 131I(3700 MBq vs. 1110 MBq)for ablation of thyroid remnant in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC) by using meta analysis. Methods Collected the eligible trials by searching the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, EBSCO and SpringerLink from January 1980 to August 2013. All relevant studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A modified Jadad scale was used for quality evaluation of selected literatures. RveMan 5.1 software was used for statistical analysis. Results Twelve randomized controlled trails involving 2290 patients were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the criteria of successful thyroid remnant ablation reported in each literature, no statistical difference was noted in the rate of successful remnant ablation between low- and high-dose 131I group(Z=1.80, P > 0.05). Both the low- or high-dose of 131I ablation showed no significant difference in the rate of successful remnant ablation between the two methods(recombinant human thyrotropin vs. steroid withdrawal)of preparing therapy(Z=0.98 and 0.33, P > 0.05). Also, no significant differences existed in quality-of-life scores on the SF-36 between different 131I-dose groups(Z=0.37, P > 0.05). The low-dose group showed lower incidence of adverse events(Z=5.15, P < 0.01) and shorter hospital isolation time than that in high-dose 131I group. Conclusions Two different doses of 131I treatment and two different preparation methods have similar efficacy in ablation of residual thyroid tissue in patients with low risk DTC, but the incidence of adverse effects in low-dose 131I group is less. -
Key words:
- Thyroid neoplasms /
- Iodine radioisotopes /
- Meta-analysis /
- Randomized controlled trials
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表 1 按各文献标准低剂量组与高剂量组131I清甲成功率meta分析结果
Table 1. Meta analysis results of success rate of 131I ablation between low- and high-dose group according to the criteria reported in each literature
研究组 年份 低剂量组(1110 MBq) 高剂量组(3700 MBq) 权重因子(%) 相对危险度 95%CI 成功例数 患者总数 成功例数 患者总数 Creutzig[2] 1987 5 10 6 10 1.6 0.83 0.37~1.85 Johansen等[3] 1991 21 36 14 27 4.3 1.13 0.71~1.78 Bal等[4] 1996 17 27 28 38 6.5 0.85 0.60~1.21 Mäenpää等[5] 2008 42 81 43 77 8.2 0.93 0.70~1.24 Kukulska等[6] 2010 67 86 84 95 16.0 0.88 0.77~1.01 Fallahi等[7] 2012 71 171 117 170 11.9 0.60 0.49~0.74 Schlumberger等[8] 2012 316 347 314 337 20.9 0.98 0.94~1.02 Mallick等[9] 2012 182 214 184 207 19.6 0.96 0.89~1.03 Caglar等[10] 2012 38 47 35 48 11.0 1.11 0.89~1.38 总计 759 1019 825 1009 100 0.91 0.82~1.01 表 2 以131I全身扫描阴性为标准时低剂量组与高剂量组131I清甲成功率meta分析结果
Table 2. Meta analysis results of success rate of 131I ablation between low- and high-dose group while the definition of successful ablation was based on whole body scan only
研究组 年份 低剂量组(1110 MBq) 高剂量组(3700 MBq) 权重因子(%) 相对危险度 95%CI 成功例数 患者总数 成功例数 患者总数 Johansen等[3] 1991 21 36 14 27 4.7 1.13 0.71~1.78 Bal等[4] 1996 17 27 28 38 6.9 0.85 0.60~1.21 Mäenpää等[5] 2008 49 77 55 72 16.8 0.83 0.67~1.03 Mallick等[9] 2012 198 214 197 207 59.3 0.97 0.93~1.02 Caglar等[10] 2012 36 47 42 48 12.3 0.88 0.72~1.06 总计 321 401 336 392 100 0.94 0.88~0.99 表 3 低剂量组与高剂量组内rhTSH法与激素撤退法清甲成功率meta分析结果(例)
Table 3. Meta analysis results of success rate of 131I ablation between rhTSH method and steroid withdrawal method of preparing 131I therapy in low- and high-dose group
表 4 采用SF-36量表评价低剂量组与高剂量组患者生活质量的meta分析结果
Table 4. Meta analysis results of the health-related quality-of-life scores on the SF-36 between low- and high-dose group
表 5 高剂量组与低剂量组患者所需隔离时间≥3 d及 < 3 d组的meta分析结果(例)
Table 5. Meta analysis results of stay in hospital isolation unit greater than 3 days and less than 3 days between low- and high-dose group
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