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心血管疾病是发达国家人口死亡的首要因素,其病死率在发展中国家亦呈逐年升高趋势,目前因心血管疾病死亡的人数约占我国每年死亡总人数的40.27%[1]。研究表明,动脉粥样硬化易损斑块是引起心脑血管急性事件的主要原因,冠心病患者发生的严重危及生命的急性冠脉事件中,约70%是由易损斑块破裂所致[2]。自1844年“斑块破裂”被首次描述[3]及1989年“易损斑块”被美国哈佛大学医学院Muller等[4]正式提出以来,“易损斑块”的概念现已受到心血管病学家的认识和关注,并被人们广泛接受。
动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性动态炎症性疾病,炎症贯穿于斑块发生和发展的全过程,在易损斑块的发病机制、进展和继发破裂中起重要作用[5]。斑块的易损性受自身组织形态学特征的影响,也受血流动力学、血流成分、情绪、应激等外界因素的影响,斑块的组织形态学特征使其易于破裂,外界因素则决定了破裂的具体时间[6]。由于粥样硬化斑块破裂和血栓形成的危险性与斑块组成有关,而与动脉狭窄程度无关[7],以动脉管腔狭窄程度检测动脉粥样硬化的传统影像学方法逐渐显出其局限性,粥样硬化斑块的易损性评价显得尤为重要。本文就影像学方法在易损斑块检测与评价中的现状作一综述。
粥样硬化易损斑块传统影像与分子影像检测与评价现状
Current situation of detection and evaluation for atherosclerosis vulnerable plaque by conventional imaging and molecular imaging
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摘要: 易损斑块引发的心脑血管急性事件是威胁人类生命健康的主要原因之一,检测与评价斑块的易损性尤为重要。传统影像学技术多从形态结构方面评价粥样斑块,目前的扫描技术有一定进步,但在早期发现和评估斑块方面有其局限性。分子影像学方法在核素显像、MRI、超声和光学成像中均有应用,对易损斑块的显像靶点涉及斑块组成、炎症、血栓形成、新生血管、凋亡等方面,能反映斑块形态结构和功能代谢的改变。多模式分子影像综合了各单一显像模式的优势,将会为易损斑块的早期检测与评估提供帮助。该文就传统影像与分子影像在粥样硬化易损斑块检测与评价中的现状进行综述。
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关键词:
- 动脉粥样硬化 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 磁共振成像 /
- 易损斑块 /
- 分子影像
Abstract: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergency events caused by vulnerable plaque are one of the major threats to human health, so it′s very important to detect and evaluate vulnerable property of plaque. Conventional imaging evaluates plaque by morphology. Although lots of progress has been made in technology, limitation still exists in early detection and evaluation. Molecular imaging has been applied in radionuclide imaging, MRI, ultrasound and optical imaging. Imaging targets of vulnerable plaque include plaque composition, inflammation, thrombosis, angiogenesis and apoptosis etc, which represent the morphology and functional metabolism of plaque. Multimodal molecular imaging combines advantages of each single imaging method, providing help for early detection and evaluation of vulnerable plaque. This article makes a review about current situation of detection and evaluation for atherosclerosis vulnerable plaque by conventional imaging and molecular imaging. -
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