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前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PC)是世界上第二常见的男性恶性肿瘤, 我国PC的发病率亦呈逐年上升趋势, 已成为危害老年男性生命的重要疾病。传统的前列腺疾病诊断方法主要有直肠指诊、血清前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen, PSA)检查[1]、经直肠超声引导下穿刺活检等, 但均存在一定的局限性, 甚至可能导致严重并发症。MRI有着良好的软组织分辨力和多方位成像优势, 有助于显示前列腺的内部结构, 提高前列腺尖部病灶的检出率[2]; 还可以很好地显示膀胱、神经血管束、精囊腺和肛提肌等结构, 准确评估肿瘤对上述结构的侵犯, 指导PC分期[3]。目前, MRI已成为PC临床影像学检查中最重要的方法[4]。随着MRI技术的进展, MR灌注加权成像(MR perfusion-weighted imaging, MRPWI)、MR波谱(MR spectroscopy, MRS)、MR扩散加权成像(MR diffusion-weighted imaging, MRDWI)、MR扩散张量成像(MR diffusion tensor imaging, MRDTI)、体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent motion, IVIM)DWI、MR磁敏感加权成像(MR susceptibility- weighted imaging, MRSWI)等新技术已逐步用于PC的诊断和研究。在此, 对PC的MRI诊断技术的研究进展综述如下。
前列腺癌MRI诊断技术研究进展
Advances in MRI diagnosis of prostate cancer
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摘要: 前列腺癌是世界上第二常见的男性恶性肿瘤, 我国前列腺癌的发病率亦呈逐年上升趋势。MRI有着良好的软组织分辨率及多方位成像优势, 能较好地显示前列腺的解剖结构及相邻的组织结构, 随着MRI技术的不断发展, 其对前列腺癌的诊断发挥着越来越重要的作用。该文从前列腺癌MRI常规序列的影像表现着手, 对各种功能MRI在前列腺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用进行了详细地论述, 如MR灌注加权成像、MR波谱、MR扩散加权成像、MR扩散张量成像、体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像、MR磁敏感加权成像等, 介绍了功能MRI相对于常规扫描的优势及其所能提供的更多的影像学资料, 通过系列半定量和定量数据, 能进一步提供前列腺癌的血流灌注、水分子扩散、微循环状态、物质代谢及生化成分变化等信息。Abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, and the incidence of prostate cancer in China shows an upward trend. MRI has high soft tissue resolution and multi-dimensional imaging advantages, and it can better show the anatomy of the prostate and adjacent tissue structures. With the development of MR technique, it plays a more and more important role in prostate cancer diagnosis. This review starts from the imaging performance of routine MRI sequence of prostate cancer, and a variety of functional MRI applications in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostate cancer are described in detail, such as MR perfusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, MR diffusion-weighted imaging, MR diffusion tensor imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging, MR susceptibility-weighted imaging. Meanwhile this review introduces that functional MRI has more advantages and can provide more image information than routine MRI sequence. According to a series of semi-quantitative and quantitative data, functional MRI can further provide the blood perfusion of prostate cancer, water molecule diffusion and microcirculation state, metabolism and biochemical composition change information.
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