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综上所述, 甲状腺结节的各种影像学检查方法均有自己的特点(表 1)。超声检查发展出很多新项目, 能获得比较丰富的信息, 从而成为临床应用的首选和研究热点; SPECT与PET能获得功能代谢信息而具有独特的诊断价值; CT对钙化的显示是其他检查不能代替的; PET/CT则兼顾PET与CT的优点; MRI以其对软组织的清晰显示为临床提供详细的甲状腺形态学信息及其与毗邻组织关系。目前临床单纯依靠一种检查方法不能得到全面的信息, 可能无法判定结节良恶性。为了给临床提供充分可靠的诊断依据, 可以采用几种检查方法联合诊断, 以提高诊断的准确率。
检查特点 超声 SPECT/PET PET/CT CT MRI 形态学 依 + 依 依 ++ 血供 + + - + + 钙化 + - + ++ - 功能代谢 - ++ ++ - - 硬度 + - - - - 毗邻关系 + - + + ++ 注:表中,±:显示能力较弱;+:显示能力一般;++:显示能力较强;-:不能显示。 表 1 甲状腺结节的影像学检查特点比较
Table 1. Comparison of imaging techniques which used for characterizing thyroid nodule
甲状腺结节影像学诊断研究进展
Advanced research on imaging diagnosis of thyroid nodule
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摘要: 甲状腺结节是临床较常见的疾病, 其影像学检查种类较多, 各有特点, 主要包括超声检查、放射性核素显像、MRI、CT及PET/CT等。该文主要是对目前甲状腺结节的各种影像学诊断研究进展进行综述。对各种方法进行对比后发现, 在诊断甲状腺结节时, 超声已经成为首选检查, 而同时运用其他影像学检查能为临床提供更为全面的信息。
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关键词:
- 甲状腺结节 /
- 超声检查 /
- 放射性核素显像 /
- 体层摄影术, X线计算机 /
- 磁共振成像
Abstract: Thyroid nodules was a common clinical disease. There are many characteristic imaging techniques used for the detection and characterization of thyroid nodules, including ultrasound, radionuclide imaging, MRI, CT and PET/CT. This article reviewed advanced research of the imaging techniques which mentioned above. Comparing the performance of these imaging techniques, ultrasound has been the prefer imaging technique in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Meanwhile using other imaging examinations can provide more informations for clinic. -
表 1 甲状腺结节的影像学检查特点比较
Table 1. Comparison of imaging techniques which used for characterizing thyroid nodule
检查特点 超声 SPECT/PET PET/CT CT MRI 形态学 依 + 依 依 ++ 血供 + + - + + 钙化 + - + ++ - 功能代谢 - ++ ++ - - 硬度 + - - - - 毗邻关系 + - + + ++ 注:表中,±:显示能力较弱;+:显示能力一般;++:显示能力较强;-:不能显示。 -
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