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受体靶向放射性分子探针的开发已成为近年来核医学领域肿瘤显像的研究热点,肿瘤细胞的遗传不稳定性和其分化程度的不同导致其表面受体和表达水平的不一,从而导致了肿瘤细胞表面受体靶向显像的困难。近年来研究发现,肿瘤新生血管的生成与肿瘤发生、生长、侵袭和转移的过程息息相关[1],如果没有新生血管为肿瘤细胞提供养分和营养,肿瘤的直径不会超过2 mm。此外,血管内皮细胞的遗传性能稳定、分化成熟、表面受体表达稳定,且新生血管的数量与肿瘤的恶性程度呈正相关,使其成为肿瘤靶向显像的新关注点[1-2],肿瘤新生血管形成的早期探测对于肿瘤的早期诊断、转移以及恶性程度的判断和肿瘤的分期将起到极其重要的作用,随着抗肿瘤血管生成药物贝伐单抗开始进入临床应用阶段,对这类药物疗效的早期评测和个体化治疗方案的制定显得尤为重要。整合素αvβ3高表达于肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞和部分肿瘤细胞表面,通过放射性核素标记整合素αvβ3靶向药物进行肿瘤显像,在近年来取得了重大的进展,现综述如下。
整合素αvβ3受体靶向肿瘤显像研究进展
Integrin αvβ3 targeted tumor imaging
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摘要: 整合素αvβ3高表达于肿瘤细胞和肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞表面,而在正常组织和成熟血管内皮细胞表面呈低水平表达或不表达,整合素αvβ3能够与体内外含精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(RGD)序列的物质发生特异性结合。通过对RGD肽进行结构修饰、多聚化等来构建体内理化性能稳定的RGD肽和RGD-蛙皮素等融合肽,再通过不同的偶联剂介导完成RGD肽的不同放射性核素(18F、111In、64Cu、68Ga、125I、99Tcm、123I、86Y等)标记,成为近年来肿瘤靶向显像的研究热点,部分临床实验正在国内外进行有效开展。通过PET/CT、SPECT/CT和PET/MRI多模态显像定量检测肿瘤整合素αvβ3受体的表达水平,来完成抗肿瘤新生血管生成治疗患者的筛选、疗效预测和实时监测,已成为近年来研究的焦点和新的发展方向。
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关键词:
- 整合素αvβ3 /
- 精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸 /
- 肿瘤 /
- 靶向显像 /
- 疗效评价
Abstract: Integrin αvβ3, highly expressed in tumor cells and tumor vasculature endothelial cells but rarely expressed in mature vessels or normal tissues, and it can specifically recognize and combine with the peptides which containing tripeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD). Some stable RGD peptides and RGD-bombesin heterodimers are synthesized by structure modification and multimerization of RGD peptides. These RGD peptides labeled with gamma-emitting and positron-emitting nuclides have been reported as the target tumor imaging research hotspot, and clinical trials are under way. The PET/CT, SPECT/CT and PET/MRI multimode imaging are focused on the quantitative analysis of tumor integrin αvβ3 expression level and anti-angiogenesis patient screening, therapeutic effect evaluation and real time monitoring. -
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