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恶性胶质瘤(世界卫生组织分级中的Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)是最致命的颅内肿瘤, 往往伴随着严重的神经认知功能的下降。恶性肿瘤的浸润、转移是临床治疗失败和患者死亡的主要原因, 胶质瘤确诊后手术切除常常成为首选治疗方法, 化疗和(或)放疗则为手术切除的补充治疗方法[1]。如果能在治疗前期, 甚至是治疗后的随访中准确评估胶质瘤, 从而选择并确定最佳治疗方案, 对胶质瘤的预后能起到关键性的作用。病理学检查虽然是胶质瘤诊断的金标准, 但却是一种有创性的方法, 其病理活检的部位也需要其他手段来确定, 而无创性的影像学检查常常成为首选方法。目前, CT和MRI依然是诊断颅内病变的一线手段, 其中增强MRI主要反映了血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier, BBB)的破坏程度[2], 放疗后无进展的病灶可在增强MRI上观察到强化及水肿带, 得到假阳性的结果(即肿瘤的假性进展), 所以MRI在评估肿瘤的良恶性及生物学行为方面具有一定的局限性。PET/CT是结构显像与功能显像融合的一种影像学方法, 在肿瘤的诊断中具有极大的优势, 笔者通过查阅大量文献, 对不同显像剂在胶质瘤的PET或PET/CT诊断中的应用情况进行综述。
多种不同PET或PET/CT分子探针在胶质瘤中的应用进展
Progress on application of different PET or PET/CT agents in glioma
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摘要: 胶质瘤是一种发病率最高的中枢神经系统原发性肿瘤, 约占颅内肿瘤的40%~50%, 其恶性程度及病死率极高, 加之病理学类型多样、生物学行为各异, 胶质瘤对各种治疗手段的反应也是不尽相同的。胶质瘤预后凶险, 尤其是高级别胶质瘤。CT是一种以组织密度差异来反映局部解剖结构的影像学检查方法, 它能清晰地显示组织结构, 但不能反映肿瘤的代谢状况。MRI虽然具有良好的组织分辨率, 也能从一定程度上反映肿瘤的代谢状况, 但依然具有一定的局限性。PET及PET/CT是一种相对而言比较新兴的检查方法, 主要反映肿瘤的代谢状况, 随着18F-FDG PET或PET/CT的广泛应用, 以及各种非FDG显像剂的发展, PET或PET/CT在胶质瘤诊断中的应用将越来越受到重视。
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关键词:
- 神经胶质瘤 /
- 放射性示踪剂 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术, X线计算机
Abstract: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, accounting for about 40%-50% of intracranial tumors. Patients have a poor prognosis and especially high-grade glioma. With various characteristics of histology and multiple biological behaviors, glioma has different responses to many types of treatment. CT and MRI are conventional imaging methods, while PET or PET/CT is relatively new. The latter mainly reflects tumor metabolism. CT reflects anatomy structure by utilizing the difference of tissue density. However, CT cannot estimate tumor metabolism. Although MRI has good tissue resolution and can also judge tumor metabolism, it still has some limitations. With the extensive use of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT and the development of other imaging agents beyond FDG, the diagnostic value of PET or PET/CT in glioma is highly concerned.-
Key words:
- Glioma /
- Radioactive tracers /
- Positron-emission tomography /
- Tomography, X-ray computed
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