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正常组织损伤和癌细胞放射抗性是困扰肿瘤放疗的两个非常棘手的难题,其中导致癌细胞放射抗性的可能因素主要有:①外环境或肿瘤微血管或微环境的影响,如传统放射生物学理论已经认识到的肿瘤组织乏氧;②肿瘤组织和癌细胞不均一性因素也是目前肿瘤放射生物学研究的前沿领域,其中最受关注的静止期癌细胞(quiescent cancer cell)、癌干细胞(cancer stem cell)或干细胞样癌细胞(stem-like cancer cell)亚群,被认为是肿瘤放疗失败和放疗后肿瘤复发的细胞学基础;③更多的是发生在癌细胞中的遗传和分子改变,如发生率很高的p53基因突变、DNA修复活性异常增加、细胞凋亡通路失活等。肿瘤对放疗的敏感性既存在肿瘤组织类型的差异性,也存在个体差异性,其中,个体差异性在很大程度上由发生在癌细胞中的遗传和分子改变所决定。临床上常见部分患者经过放疗后肿瘤得到有效控制,肿瘤体积明显缩小甚至“消失”,但很快复发,这是由于还有一群具有显著放射抗性的癌细胞亚群残存下来,从而导致肿瘤快速复发。癌干细胞或干细胞样癌细胞与静止期癌细胞有可能是导致肿瘤放射抗性和肿瘤复发的癌细胞亚群,有关其放射抗性的分子机制研究也取得了明显进展。本文将就肿瘤组织中癌细胞不均一性即癌细胞亚群及其放射分子生物学特性,分析肿瘤放射抗性的细胞学基础和相关分子机制。
癌干细胞与肿瘤的放射抗性
Cancer stem cell and its relevance to tumors resistance to radiotherapy
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摘要: 有关癌干细胞及其生物学特性研究信息的不断积累,推动了放射肿瘤生物学的发展。近年来的研究发现,癌干细胞和静止期癌细胞可能是导致肿瘤放射抗性增加和肿瘤放射治疗后复发的主要细胞学基础,有关这两种癌细胞亚群的放射敏感性及其机制的研究进展迅速,为提高肿瘤对放射治疗敏感性的措施研究提供了新的学术思路。该文将就癌细胞亚群的放射分子生物学特性,分析讨论肿瘤放射抗性的细胞学基础和相关分子机制。Abstract: The gradually accumulated information and knowledge regarding cancer stem cell or stem-like cancer cell greatly potentiated the research progression of radiation oncology and biology. In recent years, a series studies have uncovered that the cancer stem cell and cancer quiescent cell could be the major cells origin attributed to the radioresistance and recurrence of tumors in the course of radiotherapy. A rapid research progression has already been achieved respecting the radiosensitivity and related mechanisms of these two subsets of cancer cells, and which provides an idea strategy for development of the measures targeting tumor radioresistance. This paper reviewed and discussed the cellular basis and molecular mechanism of the tumor radioresistance from the aspects of cancer cells subsets and the radiobiological characteristics.
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Key words:
- Neoplasms /
- Cancer stem cells /
- Radioresistance /
- DNA repair
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