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表皮生长因子受体(epithelial growth factor receptor,EGFR)属于转膜受体的人类EGFR家族,这一类受体具有酪氨酸激酶(tyrosine kinase,TK)活性,在细胞增殖、分化、迁移、凋亡和化疗耐药等方面都有作用。这些受体拥有一个近似的结构,即膜外配体结合区、短的疏水跨膜区和具有TK活性的膜内区[1]。当EGFR与其内源性配体如生长因子结合后,会形成配体-受体复合物的二聚体,随即受体在胞内TK区域自体磷酸化。自体磷酸化触发下游的信号转导通路。由于酪氨酸磷酸化过程是有丝分裂信号通过胞膜向核内转化的起始通路,受体TK的突变激活或过度表达都会导致细胞的恶性增殖,尤其是与人类肿瘤的发生、发展及恶性转移相关。所有头、颈部肿瘤都会伴随EGFR的过度表达,其次是胰腺癌、肾细胞癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung carcinoma,NSCLC)和恶性胶质瘤等[2]。在多种不同类别的上皮癌中也能观察到EGFR的高表达。EGFR作为抗癌药研究的热门靶点,研究人员开发出了一些能够与受体特异性结合并抑制TK活性及其下游信号通路的新的靶向药物。然而临床研究表明,这类靶向药物并未达到预期的疗效,原因可能源于不同人群体内EGFR突变[3]。因此,利用分子影像学技术,研究EGFR的体内分子显像剂在靶向治疗前进行敏感人群遴选,对于提高药物临床疗效,避免过度治疗是非常有意义的。所以,对此类型分子显像剂的探索成为研究热点。
表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶肿瘤分子显像剂的研究进展
The development of epidermal growth factor receptor molecular imaging in cancer
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摘要: 目前治疗肿瘤最重要的分子靶向药物是以表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)为靶点的一类化合物,为了更好地实现靶向治疗效果,需要借助分子显像技术实现快速、定量地检测体内EGFR的分布及突变等情况。利用不同核素标记的分子探针实施PET或SPECT显像能够实现快速、无创地对患者进行遴选、疗效评价和监测EGFR靶向治疗,从而提高肿瘤治疗效果。该文介绍了EGFR-酪氨酸激酶小分子显像剂及其最新的研究进展。
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关键词:
- 受体,表皮生长因子 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,发射型计算机,单光子 /
- 肿瘤分子显像剂
Abstract: In vivo epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)targeted therapy has great potential for cancer diagnosis and the evaluation of curative effects. Enhancement of EGFR-targeted therapy needs a reliable quantitative molecular imaging method which could enable monitoring of receptor drug binding and receptor occupancy in vivo, and identification of the mutation in EGFR. PET or SPECT is the most advanced molecular imaging technology of non-invasively selecting responders, predicting therapeutic outcome and monitoring EGFR-targeted treatment. This review analyzed the present situation and research progress of molecular imaging agents. -
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