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儿童和青少年时期甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)主要指弥漫性甲状腺肿型甲亢,即Graves甲亢。近年来Graves甲亢的发病率越来越高,20岁以下的儿童和青少年甲亢也不少见,约占全部Graves甲亢患者的1%~5%。目前放射性碘治疗、药物及手术已成为该疾病的常规治疗方法。在美国,放射性碘治疗也已是治疗甲亢最为常用的方法,约70%的患者首选131I治疗[1]。经过长期的随访发现,儿童和青少年放射性碘治疗并没有增加该群体患者的甲状腺癌变和基因变异的风险,也没有增加其后代的致畸率[2],故先前的限制人群如儿童、青春期患者,现在在治疗年龄方面有所放宽[3]。但因儿童和青少年对于射线具有高敏感性和低耐受性等特性,而永久性甲状腺功能减退症(简称甲减)又是放射性碘治疗后的主要转归之一,故许多学者对于青少年甲亢采用131I治疗有所顾虑,临床使用时相对比较慎重。多年来,儿童和青少年Graves甲亢一直属于131I治疗的相对适应证。直至2004年我国才将不适用抗甲状腺药物(antithyroid drugs,ATD)治疗的青少年Graves病的131I治疗列为治疗规范的适应证[4]。近年来,随着131I治疗甲亢适应证的逐渐放宽,临床上应用131I治疗儿童和青少年甲亢的患者也日趋增多,但131I治疗后的最终效果业界尚未达成共识,尤其在给予131I的剂量范围缺乏统一的认识和足够的临床数据支持,因此,本研究通过对成年人与儿童和青少年Graves甲亢患者所接受的不同剂量131I来探讨儿童和青少年Graves甲亢患者所应接受的131I治疗剂量的适宜范围。
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随访后发现,在接受131I治疗的儿童和青少年组及成年组患者中,其甲状腺质量均出现了明显缩小,其中,儿童和青少年组中,痊愈16例(31.4%)、出现永久性甲减22例(43.1%)、好转12例(23.5%)、复发1例(2%);成年组中,痊愈65例(43.3%)、出现永久性甲减56例(37.3%)、好转25例(16.7%)、复发4例(2.7%);总有效率分别为98%和97.3%。儿童和青少年组与成年组的疗效差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.058,P>0.05)(表 1)。儿童和青少年组与成年组131I治疗前后甲状腺激素水平见表 2和表 3。131I治疗后呈好转结果的12例儿童和青少年Graves甲亢患者的临床症状也明显好转。
组别 儿童和青少年组 成年组 总计 痊愈 好转 甲减 复发 总计 痊愈 好转 甲减 复发 甲状腺质量≤30 g组 1 0 1 0 0 30 12 2 16 0 甲状腺质量为31~50 g组 13 0 4 9 0 30 12 3 13 2 甲状腺质量为51~70 g组 25 13 5 7 0 30 20 3 6 1 甲状腺质量为71~90 g组 7 2 1 3 1 30 11 7 11 1 甲状腺质量>90 g组 5 1 1 3 0 30 10 10 10 0 合计 51 16 12 22 1 150 65 25 56 4 注:表中,甲亢:甲状腺功能亢进症;甲减:甲状腺功能减退症。 表 1 儿童和青少年Graves甲亢组与成年Graves甲亢组131I治疗后的疗效比较
(例数) 131I治疗 例数 FT3(pmol/L) FT4(pmol/L) TSH(μIU/L) 治疗前 51 29.59±25.24 62.64±43.23 2.29±14.56 治疗后 痊愈 16 4.14±1.28 17.19±4.09 3.77±1.49 好转 12 6.30±3.94 22.96±8.71 0.84±1.80 复发 1 27.59 197.63 0.10 甲减 22 4.99±2.76 16.85±13.73 26.16±39.97 注:表中,FT3为游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸;FT4为游离甲状腺素;TSH为促甲状腺激素;甲亢:甲状腺功能亢进症;甲减:甲状腺功能减退症。 表 2 儿童和青少年Graves甲亢组131I治疗前后甲状腺激素水平变化的比较
(x±s) 131I治疗 例数 FT3(pmol/L) FT4(pmol/L) TSH(μIU/L) 治疗前 150 6.34±4.02 20.15±15.35 11.83±25.44 治疗后 痊愈 65 5.53±1.73 16.74±4.50 2.05±2.34 好转 25 10.48±5.26 38.87±17.39 0.17±0.32 复发 4 19.91±5.08 63.11±4.89 0.14±0.18 甲减 56 4.55±1.51 13.06±11.61 29.20±35.43 注:表中,FT3为游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸;FT4为游离甲状腺素;TSH为促甲状腺激素;甲亢:甲状腺功能亢进症;甲减:甲状腺功能减退症。 表 3 成年Graves甲亢组131I治疗前后甲状腺激素水平变化的比较
(x±s)
儿童和青少年Graves甲亢患者131I治疗剂量的分析研究
The dose analysis of 131I treatment in pediatric patients with Graves hyperthyroidism
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摘要:
目的 研究儿童和青少年Graves甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)患者接受131I治疗的剂量范围。 方法 回顾性分析经临床确诊、对抗甲状腺药物耐药或有临床禁忌证并接受131I治疗的51例儿童和青少年甲亢患者及150例成年甲亢患者。两组患者均按甲状腺质量不同分为5组:第1组:≤30 g、第2组:31~50 g、第3组:51~70 g、第4组:71~90 g和第5组:>90 g,儿童和青少年组与成年组间的各质量组间资料分布具有可比性。儿童和青少年组与成年组患者每克甲状腺组织所给予的131I治疗剂量分别为(2.41±0.71)MBq/g和(3.27±0.97)MBq/g;总剂量分别为(224.36±130.10)MBq和(354.88±308.04)MBq。全部患者均行集中随访,儿童和青少年组131I治疗后随访时间为24~83个月(平均32个月),成年组的随访时间为15~62个月(平均23个月),治疗结果分为痊愈、好转、甲减和复发。 结果 随访结果发现,在接受131I治疗的儿童和青少年组中,痊愈16例、出现永久性甲减22例、好转12例、复发1例;在成年组患者中,痊愈65例、出现永久性甲减56例、好转25例、复发4例;总有效率分别为98%和97.3%,儿童和青少年组与成年组的治疗疗效之间的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.058,P>0.05)。 结论 在对抗甲状腺药物耐药或有临床禁忌证的儿童和青少年Graves甲亢患者行131I治疗时,建议所给予的131I应为成年人相应甲状腺质量所给131I总剂量的63%左右或每克剂量的74%左右。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the radioactive 131I dose of treatment in pediatric patients with Graves hyperthyroidism. Method Fifty one pediatric patients with hyperthyroidism and 150 adult patients with hyperthyroidism were retrospectively analyzed, who were contraindicated or refractory for medical therapy and treated with 131I in this study. All pediatric and adult patients treated with 131I were divided into five groups according to the thyroid weight. Group1:≤30 g, Group2:31~50 g, Group3:51~70 g, Group4:71~90 g and Group5: > 90 g. The pediatric patients were comparable to the adult patients in data distribution of the thyroid weight. All pediatric patients who were either contraindicated or refractory to antithyroid drugs treatment and adult patients received radioactive 131I treatment with a dose of(2.41±0.71), (3.27±0.97)MBq/g thyroid tissue respectively. The total administrated doses of 131I in all pediatric and adult patients were(224.36±130.10)MBq and(354.88±308.04)MBq respectively. All the pediatric and adult patients treated with 131I were followed-up(median 32 months, range 24 to 83 months; median 23 months, range 15 to 62 months, respectively). The treatment results were divided into euthyroid, hyperthyroidism, late-onset hypothyroidism and relapsed. Results The results by followed-up found that 16 and 65 patients became euthyroid, 22 and 56 patients developed late-onset hypothyroidism, 12 and 25 patients still had hyperthyroidism, 1 and 4 patients relapsed after radioiodine therapy in pediatric group and adult group who were treated with 131I, respectively. The total efficiency was 98% and 97.3%, respectively. There were no statistical significance of treatment effect between pediatric and adult patients(χ2=0.058, P > 0.05). Conclusion When the radioactive 131I dose was administrated in pediatric patients with hyperthyroidism, who were contraindicated or refractory for medical therapy, it is recommended that the ratios of total 131I dose administrated and that based on per gram thyroid tissue between pediatric and adult patients were 63% and 74%, respectively. -
Key words:
- Graves disease /
- Iodine radioisotopes /
- Radiotherapy dosage /
- Brachytherapy /
- Child /
- Adolescent
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表 1 儿童和青少年Graves甲亢组与成年Graves甲亢组131I治疗后的疗效比较
(例数) 组别 儿童和青少年组 成年组 总计 痊愈 好转 甲减 复发 总计 痊愈 好转 甲减 复发 甲状腺质量≤30 g组 1 0 1 0 0 30 12 2 16 0 甲状腺质量为31~50 g组 13 0 4 9 0 30 12 3 13 2 甲状腺质量为51~70 g组 25 13 5 7 0 30 20 3 6 1 甲状腺质量为71~90 g组 7 2 1 3 1 30 11 7 11 1 甲状腺质量>90 g组 5 1 1 3 0 30 10 10 10 0 合计 51 16 12 22 1 150 65 25 56 4 注:表中,甲亢:甲状腺功能亢进症;甲减:甲状腺功能减退症。 表 2 儿童和青少年Graves甲亢组131I治疗前后甲状腺激素水平变化的比较
(x±s) 131I治疗 例数 FT3(pmol/L) FT4(pmol/L) TSH(μIU/L) 治疗前 51 29.59±25.24 62.64±43.23 2.29±14.56 治疗后 痊愈 16 4.14±1.28 17.19±4.09 3.77±1.49 好转 12 6.30±3.94 22.96±8.71 0.84±1.80 复发 1 27.59 197.63 0.10 甲减 22 4.99±2.76 16.85±13.73 26.16±39.97 注:表中,FT3为游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸;FT4为游离甲状腺素;TSH为促甲状腺激素;甲亢:甲状腺功能亢进症;甲减:甲状腺功能减退症。 表 3 成年Graves甲亢组131I治疗前后甲状腺激素水平变化的比较
(x±s) 131I治疗 例数 FT3(pmol/L) FT4(pmol/L) TSH(μIU/L) 治疗前 150 6.34±4.02 20.15±15.35 11.83±25.44 治疗后 痊愈 65 5.53±1.73 16.74±4.50 2.05±2.34 好转 25 10.48±5.26 38.87±17.39 0.17±0.32 复发 4 19.91±5.08 63.11±4.89 0.14±0.18 甲减 56 4.55±1.51 13.06±11.61 29.20±35.43 注:表中,FT3为游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸;FT4为游离甲状腺素;TSH为促甲状腺激素;甲亢:甲状腺功能亢进症;甲减:甲状腺功能减退症。 -
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