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正常心脏可以利用多种底物(如脂肪酸、酮体、葡萄糖和乳酸等)来产生能量。在生理情况下,心肌所需能量的70%~80%来自脂肪酸的有氧代谢;在病理情况下,如心肌发生缺血时,心肌氧供不足,脂肪酸的有氧氧化受到抑制,无氧糖酵解增加,此时葡萄糖成为心肌的主要能量来源。研究表明缺血心肌对葡萄糖的摄取和利用增加[1],这对维持心肌能量供应、心肌细胞存活和心肌功能具有保护性作用。但是,当心肌血流量进一步减少,导致心肌细胞坏死、心肌代谢活动停止时,则不能摄取和利用葡萄糖。葡萄糖通过细胞膜进入细胞内是心肌细胞葡萄糖代谢的第一步,也是心肌细胞利用葡萄糖的主要限速步骤。由于葡萄糖的亲水性,其无法通过简单的扩散作用穿过细胞膜的脂质双层,有研究表明,葡萄糖是依靠细胞膜上的葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transports,GLUTs)来进入细胞内的,GLUT4是心肌细胞主要的葡萄糖转运载体[2]。
心肌细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白4的转运调控及与心肌活力关系的研究进展
Recent advances on the regulation of glucose transporter 4 transport and its relationship with myocardial viability in cardiomyocytes
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摘要: 葡萄糖是心肌能量代谢的主要底物之一,在心肌缺血时是心肌的主要能量来源。葡萄糖通过细胞膜进入细胞内是心肌细胞葡萄糖代谢的第一步,也是心肌细胞利用葡萄糖的主要限速步骤。葡萄糖是依靠细胞膜上的葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUTs)而进入细胞内的,GLUT4是心肌细胞主要的葡萄糖转运载体。GLUT4的质和量对心肌葡萄糖的跨膜转运起着决定性作用。因此,明确心肌葡萄糖转运及心肌细胞GLUT4的基因表达调控机制、转位调控机制、内在活性调控机制,对临床诊断心肌能量代谢性疾病具有重要意义。该文对近年来有关心肌葡萄糖转运及GLUT4调控方面的研究进行综述。Abstract: Glucose plays an important role in cardiac metabolism. It is the major energy source during myocardial ischemia. Trans-membrane glucose transport is the first rate-limited step for myocardial glucose metabolism, which is facilitated by glucose transports(GLUTs) and GLUT4 represents an important mechanism that governs the entry of glucose into the heart. The quality and quantity of GLUT4 play a decisive role in transmembrane glucose transport. To better retrieve myocardial metabolism and improve myocardial function under myocardial ischemia conditions, it is urgent to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of GLUT4 expression, the regulatory mechanism of GLUT4 translocation, the regulatory mechanism of GLUT4 intrinsic activity and glucose transport in cardiomyocytes. This review summarized the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation of GLUT4 functioning and glucose transport in cardiomyocytes.
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Key words:
- Glucose transport proteins /
- facilitative /
- Glucose transporter type 4 /
- Myocytes /
- cardiac /
- Myocardial ischemia
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