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药物成瘾是由于长期滥用成瘾性物质所引起的一种脑内的神经细胞形态结构、生物化学和功能改变的慢性复发性脑病,其主要特点是强迫型药物使用、持续性渴求状态和对药物渴求控制力的减弱。我国的药物滥用主要以阿片类药物为主,其中海洛因滥用者至少占药物滥用者的75%~85%[1]。海洛因以其强大的情绪效应、成瘾性及镇痛作用成为主要滥用毒品。尽管海洛因成瘾已经引起了广泛的社会关注,但海洛因成瘾的神经化学机制目前仍不清晰,因此对其也没有有效的治疗措施。随着功能影像学技术(如SPECT、PET、功能MRI)的发展和各种示踪剂的合成,实现了无创性地研究活体脑内的受体的分布、密度、生理功能和病理状态等,这也使得对药物滥用者进行药物成瘾的分子机制研究成为可能。本文综述了SPECT、PET神经受体和转运体显像技术在海洛因成瘾中的应用。
SPECT、PET神经受体和转运体显像技术在海洛因成瘾研究中的应用
Neuroreceptor and its transporters imaging by PET and SPECT in heroin addiction
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摘要: 海洛因滥用导致了严重的社会、经济和健康问题。目前对海洛因成瘾机制的研究有了一定的进展,但是其神经递质、受体机制仍不清楚。该文综述了海洛因成瘾的潜在神经生物学机制及SPECT、PET神经受体和转运体显像技术在海洛因成瘾研究中的应用。Abstract: Heroin abuse can cause prominent hazardous effects, including the collapse of social, economic status and health. The research of heroin addiction mechanism has got some progress, but the neurotransmitter and receptor mechanism are still not clear. This review discussed potential neurobiology mechanisms of heroin addiction, including opioid receptor, dopamine receptors and dopamine transporters in different brain areas when exposed to heroin and the application of PET and SPECT imaging of neuroreceptor and its transporters in heroin addiction research.
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Key words:
- Heroin dependence /
- Receptors /
- opioid /
- Receptors /
- dopamine /
- Tomography /
- emission-computed /
- single-photon /
- Positron-emission tomography
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