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实体肿瘤在快速生长过程中都会出现不同程度的乏氧。肿瘤乏氧细胞在新陈代谢、分子遗传学及病理生理等方面发生改变, 从而在肿瘤的进展过程中起着非常重要的作用, 且乏氧细胞对放化疗的抗性增加, 影响肿瘤的治疗效果, 导致肿瘤局部复发及远处转移等。目前, 肿瘤乏氧检测方法如氧电极测定、组织形态分析、DNA断裂分析、肿瘤内源性乏氧标志物(如乏氧诱导因子1α等)的测定等因有创性、可重复性小和不能动态监测等缺点而使其应用受到限制。近年来, 核医学乏氧显像作为一种非侵入性、可重复的乏氧探测方法受到学者的广泛关注, 乏氧显像剂选择性滞留在乏氧组织或细胞中, 再通过PET或SPECT直接显示肿瘤组织的乏氧程度。乏氧显像剂在肿瘤的乏氧诊断、治疗指导、疗效评价及预后判断等方面具有非常重要的价值。
1955年, Nakamura[1]发现5-硝基咪唑能迅速抗厌氧菌感染, 5-硝基咪唑在乏氧环境中的这种特性, 可用于体内乏氧组织显像的研究。20世纪80年代初, 放射性核素标记的硝基杂环化合物作为乏氧显像剂用于PET或SPECT, 以测定组织中的氧水平。最初研究的乏氧显像剂主要是放射性核素标记的硝基咪唑及其衍生物, 现如今大量的放射性核素标记的乏氧显像剂已广泛用于实验研究及临床。
肿瘤乏氧显像剂的研究进展
Advances in study of tumor hypoxia imaging agents
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摘要: 实体瘤快速生长, 中央区血供不充分, 导致乏氧区存在。而乏氧肿瘤细胞是影响肿瘤治疗效果的主要因素。乏氧显像剂能选择性地滞留在乏氧组织或细胞中, 通过PET或SPECT可无创性评估实体瘤的乏氧状态, 对肿瘤的治疗指导、疗效评价和预后判断具有很大的实用价值。该文简要介绍了乏氧显像剂的研究进展。
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关键词:
- 肿瘤 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术, 发射型计算机, 单光子 /
- 乏氧显像剂
Abstract: Solid tumors cause regional hypoxia when they outgrow the blood supply. The presence of hypoxia cells within the tumor is the primary factor influencing the effect of therapy. Hypoxia imaging agents selectively accumulate in the oxygen deficient organizations or cells that can be detected by the non-invasive methods such as PET and SPECT. It has great practical value in guiding treatment, evaluating efficacy and accessing prognosis. This review briefly introduces the research progress of tumor hypoxia imaging agents. -
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