-
胆道闭锁(biliary atresia, BA)是肝内外胆管部分或全部闭锁,其中以肝外BA较常见,约占85%~90%,最终可导致肝衰竭[1]。BA是新生儿及婴儿时期梗阻性黄疸的主要病因之一。其病因较复杂,目前仍不十分清楚,有文献报道,其可能与先天性胆道发育不良、病毒感染、胰胆管合流异常、胆汁酸代谢障碍等有关[2]。该病肝脏病理变化与一般的胆汁性肝硬化类似,但肝纤维化进程并不随手术治疗后胆汁排出而停止,往往还会持续数年,呈慢性过程。因此,在肝纤维化早期,进行手术疏导胆汁的通路,使之能顺畅排入肠道才能改善预后,提高患儿生存质量[3]。肝穿刺活检是诊断BA的“金标准”,其灵敏度、特异度和准确率均高于95%[4],十二指肠液引流检查的灵敏度、特异度和准确率也均高于90%[5],但这两种检查均为有创,临床应用受限。BA由于严重的肝内胆汁淤积引发肝损伤,其血生化指标会出现明显的异常。血清r-谷氨酰转肽酶及5’-核苷酸酶对早期辅助鉴别诊断BA有一定的临床价值,但两者主要反映胆汁淤积的严重程度,诊断BA的特异度不高,尤其无法做到定位诊断。因此,无创性的影像学诊断方法日益受到临床重视。目前常用的诊断BA的影像学方法主要有腹部超声、放射性核素肝胆动态显像、磁共振胰胆管造影(magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP)及胆道造影(intraoperative cholangiography,IC),各种方法有其独自的优势和不足,现将这些方法介绍如下。
胆道闭锁的影像学诊断研究进展
Advances in the imaging diagnosis of biliary atresia
-
摘要: 胆道闭锁(BA)是导致小儿梗阻性黄疸的常见疾病之一。患儿在40~60 d内行手术治疗效果好,超过90 d因发展为肝硬化、肝衰竭而导致病情难于逆转,因此该病的早期诊断非常重要。BA的影像学诊断方法主要有腹部超声、放射性核素肝胆动态显像、磁共振胰胆管造影、胆管造影等,它们既有各自独特的优势,也有其相应不足。该文将对BA的影像学诊断方法进行综述。Abstract: Biliary atresia(BA)is a common cause of obstructive jaundice in infancy. Surgical treat-ment for infant patients has good result within 40 to 60 days. But the disease can hardly be cured after 90 days when it turns out to be liver cirrhosis or liver failure. So it is important to make the early and differential diagnosis as soon as possible. Main imaging methods of BA include ultrasonography, hepatobiliary dynamic imaging, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and cholangiography. Each method has its own advantage and shortage. This article summarizes the present situation and progress of the imaging method in the diagnosis of BA.
-
[1] Donia AE, Ibrahim SM, Kader MS, et al. Predictive value of asse-ssment of different modalities in the diagnosis of infantile cholesta-sis. J Int Med Res, 2010, 38(6): 2100-2116. doi: 10.1177/147323001003800626 [2] 李凡, 钱渊.新生儿胆道闭锁与病毒感染相关性的研究进展.国际病毒学杂志, 2011, 18(5): 160-162. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4092.2011.05.009
[3] 杨吉刚, 马大庆, 李春林.胆道闭锁的临床及影像学诊断.实用儿科临床杂, 2006, 21(23): 1668-1670. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-515X.2006.23.031
[4] Yang JG, Ma DQ, Peng Y. Comparison of different diagnostic meth-ods for differentiating biliary atresia from idiopathic neonatal hep-atitis. Clinical Imaging, 2009, 6(33): 439-446. [5] 黄志华.胆汁成分的测定对婴儿胆汁淤积的意义.临床儿科杂志, 2009, 27(10): 909-911. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2009.10.003
[6] Li SX, Zhang Y, Sun M, et al. Ultrasonic diagnosis of biliary atresia: a retrospective analysis of 20 patients. World J Gastroenterol, 2008, 14(22): 3579-3582. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.3579 [7] Nemati M, Rafeey M, Shaken AB. Ultrasound findings in biliary atresia: the role of triangular cord sign. Pak J Biol Sci, 2009, 12(1): 95-97. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.95.97 [8] Imaniehc MH, Dehghani SM, Bagheri MH, et al. Triangular cord sign in detection of biliary atresia: Is it a valuable sign?. Dig Dis Sci, 2010, 55(1): 172-175. doi: 10.1007/s10620-009-0718-3 [9] Choi SO, Park WH, Lee HJ, et al. "Triangular cord": a sonographic finding applicable in the diagnosis of biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg, 1996, 31(3): 363-366. [10] Chardot C. Biliary atresia. Orphanet J RareDis, 2006, 1: 28. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-28 [11] Lee HJ, Lee SM, Park WH, et al. Objective criteria of triangular cord sign in biliary atresia on US scans. Radiology, 2003, 229(2):395-400. [12] 蒋丽萍, 陈云超, 刘娜香, 等.高频超声在胆道闭锁诊断中的应用价值.中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2011, 8(10): 2190-2195. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2011.10.020
[13] 张金山, 李龙.胆道闭锁诊治新进展.中华小儿外科杂志, 2011, 32(5): 387-391. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3006.2011.05.017
[14] 王晓曼, 贾立群.胆道闭锁的超声诊断, 放射学实践, 2011, 26(2): 220-222. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0313.2011.02.027
[15] 于成文, 穆柯晓, 刘道祯, 等.超声检查对新生儿及婴儿胆道闭锁的诊断价值.中国基层医药, 2011, 18(16): 2211-2212. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008-6706.2011.16.026
[16] Kim WS, ChconJE, Youn BJ, et al. Hepatic arterial diameter mca-suradwith US: adjunct for US diagaaosis of biliary atresia. Radiol-ogy, 2007, 245(2): 549-555. [17] 蒋丽萍, 陈云超, 刘娜香, 等.高频超声对婴儿胆道闭锁的鉴别诊断价值探讨.中国超声医学杂志, 2011, 27(12): 1098-1101. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0101.2011.12.014
[18] 杨吉刚, 马大庆, 李春林, 等. 99mTc依替菲宁注射液肝胆平面和断层显像在胆道闭锁诊断中的价值.实用儿科临床杂志, 2009, 24(19): 1504-1505.
[19] Liu SX, Huang ZH. The value of radionuclide hepatobiliary scintig-raphy in combination with determination of bilirub in from duode-nal drainage in differential diagnosis of infantile Persistent jaun-dice. Front Mod China, 2010, 4(3): 342-345. doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0099-1 [20] 侯先存, 程华, 李智勇, 等.苯巴比妥钠介入放射性核素肝胆显像鉴别诊断婴儿持续性黄疸.实用儿科临床杂志, 2008, 23(19): 1513-1514. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-515X.2008.19.014
[21] Sevilla A, Howman-Giles R, Saleh H, et al. Hepatobiliary scintigra-phy with SPECT in infancy. Clin Nucl Med, 2007, 32(1):16-23. [22] Rodeck B, Becker AC, Gratz KF, et al. Early predictors of success of kasai operation in children with biliary atresia. Eur J Pediatr Surg, 2007, 17(5): 308-312. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-965518 [23] 李士星, 冯舒, 张尧, 等.胆道闭锁的超声检查与磁共振对比分析.中国现代医学杂志, 2010, 20(23): 3667-3670. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2010.23.042
[24] Huang CT, Lee HC, Chen WT, et al. Usefulness of magnetic reso-nance cholangiopancreatography in pancreatobiliary abnormalities in pediatric patients. Pediatr Neonatol, 2011, 52(6): 332-336. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2011.08.006 [25] Kim MJ, Pank YN, Han SJ. Biliary atresia in neonates and infants: triangular area of high signal intensity in the porta hepatic at T2-weighted MR cholangiography with US and histopathologic corre-lation. Radiology, 2000, 215(2): 395-401. [26] Lee SY, Kim GC, Choe BH, et al. Efficacy of US-guided percuta-neous cholecystocholangiography for the early exclusion and type determination of biliary atresia. Radiology, 2011, 261(3): 916-922. [27] 高群, 黄河, 刘翔, 等.腹腔镜在婴幼儿阻塞性黄疸诊治的价值肝胆外科杂志, 2010, 18(3): 189-191.
[28] 邵国强, 韩建奎, 王峰, 等.肝胆同位素动态显像和超声检查对婴儿肝外胆道闭锁的诊断价值.临床儿科杂志, 2010, 28(1): 84-87. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2010.01.024
[29] 杨吉刚, 马大庆, 李春林, 等.肝胆动态显像与磁共振胆胰管成像在胆道闭锁诊断中的价值.医学临床研究, 2009, 26(9): 1639-1641. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7171.2009.09.023
[30] 储波, 蒋丽蓉, 周莎, 等.肝功能检查在婴儿肝炎综合征和先天性胆道闭锁的鉴别诊断中的价值.中国当代儿科杂志, 2009, 11(12): 953-956.
[31] 邵国强, 韩建奎, 王峰.肝胆断层显像和r-谷胺酰转肽酶对婴儿持续性黄疸的鉴别诊断价值.实用儿科临床杂志, 2008, 23(19): 1510-1512. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-515X.2008.19.013
计量
- 文章访问数: 2062
- HTML全文浏览量: 1444
- PDF下载量: 3