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冠状动脉血流储备(coronary flow reserve, CFR)是指最大扩张状态时心肌血流量(myocardial blood flow, MBF)与静息MBF的比值,是反映冠状动脉循环功能的重要指标。早在20世纪70年代,Gould等[1]即提出测定CFR在临床实践中的重要意义,首次确立了CFR与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性,即随着冠状动脉狭窄程度的增加,CFR逐渐减低,而静息MBF仍可保持正常,当狭窄大于85%时,静息MBF才开始减低。因此,CFR作为反映冠状动脉血流动力学异常变化的重要指标,可在冠状动脉解剖结构没有发生异常之前早期探测血管功能的异常改变。另外,随着心肌耗氧量的增加MBF会相应增加,因此,正常冠状动脉有很大的血流储备能力。
冠状动脉内多普勒方法[2]是国际上公认的测定CFR的“金标准”,然而其有创性以及价格昂贵限制了其临床推广应用;经胸多普勒超声心动图[3]和磁共振成像[4]等无创性方法,还处于研究阶段。PET显像系统由于具有高度的灵敏度、空间分辨率和时间分辨率,以及可进行组织衰减校正等优势,利用具有生理学特性的血流灌注显像剂,成为国际上公认的无创性测定MBF及CFR的“金标准”,其准确性和重复性均已得到证实[5-6]。为此,本文将在既往有关CFR的综述基础上进一步介绍PET心肌灌注显像的相关知识及临床应用。
PET心肌灌注显像测定心肌血流量及冠状动脉血流储备的研究进展
Progress of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve measurement using PET myocardial perfusion imaging
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摘要: PET心肌灌注显像可绝对定量测定局部心肌血流量(MBF)和冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)。由于显像剂半衰期短,允许在短时间内重复进行PET心肌灌注显像,获得静息态、冷加压试验和药物负荷试验等不同状态下的MBF,进而评价冠状动脉血管内皮依赖性和非依赖性的CFR功能。在早期诊断冠心病,准确诊断冠状动脉多支病变,评价微血管病变,早期检测冠状动脉内皮细胞功能异常及CFR功能的异常,估测预后,帮助临床治疗方案的制定以及检测疗效等方面,PET心肌灌注显像有重要的临床价值。该文将介绍PET心肌灌注显像相关知识及其在心血管领域的主要应用。
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关键词:
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 心肌灌注显像 /
- 冠状动脉循环 /
- 冠状动脉血流储备 /
- 心肌血流量
Abstract: PET myocardial perfusion imaging permits the measurement of regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in absolute units. The short physical half-life of the flow radiotracers used for these measurements allows repeatedly operating PET myocardial perfusion imaging during the same study session and thus, assessment of MBF at baseline, during cold pressor testing and pharmacologic vasodilation, which contributes to a comprehensive assessment of the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent CFR function. Therefore, such measurements of MBF could serve as an important tool to detect early stages of the development of coronary artery disease, multi-vessel coronary artery disease and microvascular disease, indicate an impairment of endothelium-dependent coronary circulatory function, provide predictive information for future cardiovascular events, and contribute to the clinical treatment programs development and therapeutic efficiency testing. The primary technical aspects and clinical applications of PET myocardial perfusion imaging are introduced in this paper. -
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