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结核病是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的一种慢性传染病,可累及全身多个脏器。其中,肺部是感染结核菌的最主要脏器。个体一旦感染结核菌后,将终身携带病菌,约有10%~15%的感染者会在一定条件下发展为活动性结核病,成为新患者并继续传染给其他人。目前,临床上最常用的判断结核病灶是否活动的影像学方法是X射线检查和CT检查。近年来,18F-FDG PET-CT广泛应用于肿瘤病灶的评估和肿瘤筛查,但是,18F-FDG并不是肿瘤特异性显像剂,炎性病灶亦可呈阳性显像,有文献报道,18F-FDG摄取可作为结核活动性的一个标志[1-3]。笔者对31例肺结核病例进行回顾性分析,分别运用18F-FDG PET和CT两种影像学方法对结核病变是否活动进行判断对比,旨在对诊断和治疗肺结核病变提供帮助,现报道如下。
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CT诊断结果为:22例患者为非活动性肺结核者,其中病灶完全钙化者6例(6例皆为愈合病灶),病灶大部分钙化、伴有少许索条影者16例(16例皆为陈旧性病灶);9例患者为活动性肺结核者。
PET诊断结果为:17例患者为非活动性肺结核者;14例患者为活动性肺结核者。
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CT与PET判断结果一致者26例,判断结果不一致者5例,两者的判断结果比较见表 1。
PET诊断为活动性肺结核者 PET诊断为非活动性肺结核者 合计 CT诊断为活动性肺结核者 9 0 9 CT诊断为非活动性肺结核者 5 17 22 合计 14 17 31 表 1 CT和PET对31例肺结核患者的肺结核病灶活动性判断结果的比较
(例) 6例CT诊断为病灶完全钙化的非活动性肺结核者的PET图像均无明显放射性摄取,判断为非活动性病灶。16例CT诊断为病灶大部分钙化、伴有少许索条影的非活动性肺结核者中,5例PET判断为活动性病灶,其中3例病灶为结节的未钙化部分放射性轻度浓聚(图 1),2例为索条影伴有放射性轻度浓聚;其余11例PET判断为非活动性病灶。9例CT诊断为活动性肺结核者的PET图像呈片状或团块状放射性浓聚灶,均判断为活动性病灶,其中5例为近期感染结核,4例为多年前感染结核最近复发,结核病史最长者达55年(图 2)。
18F-FDG PET和CT判断肺结核病灶活动性的比较
Comparison between 18F-FDG PET and CT in evaluating the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis
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摘要:
目的 评价18F-FDG PET和CT两种影像学方法对肺结核病灶活动性判断的差异。 方法 对18F-FDG PET-CT显像中发现的31例肺结核病例,分别用CT图像和PET图像对肺结核病灶是否活动进行判断,然后对两种影像学方法的结果进行比较。 结果 两种方法判断结果一致者26例,不一致者5例。6例CT诊断为非活动性肺结核者(愈合病灶),PET均判断为非活动性病灶;16例CT示病灶大部分钙化、伴有少许索条影(陈旧性病灶)并诊断为非活动性肺结核者中,5例PET判断为活动性病灶,其中3例病灶为结节的未钙化部分放射性轻度浓聚,2例为索条影伴有放射性轻度浓聚;9例CT诊断为活动性肺结核者,PET均判断为活动性病灶。 结论 18F-FDG PET在判断愈合后的结核病灶和完全处于活动期的结核病灶时,与CT判断结果一致,但在对陈旧性结核病灶是否存在残余活动性病灶的判断上优于CT。 -
关键词:
- 结核,肺 /
- 氟脱氧葡萄糖F18 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机
Abstract:Objective To compare the difference between 18F-FDG PET and CT for evaluating the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods 18F-FDG PET-CT was performed in 31 pulmonary tuberculosis patients, the activity of the tuberculosis lesions was evaluated by PET and CT images, the results of the two imaging methods were compared separately. Results The results obtained with the two imaging methods were consistent in 26 cases and inconsistent in 5 cases. 6 cases which CT diagnosed as inactive tuberculosis (healed lesions) were also judged as inactive lesions by PET imaging. In 16 cases, CT displayed that most of the lesions were calcified and associated with little streaks and diagnosed as inactive tuberculosis (obsolete lesions), among them PET judged 5 cases as active lesions, of which 3 cases with partly calcified lesion associated with mild radioactive uptake, 2 cases with streaks associated with mild radioactive uptake. 9 cases which CT diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis, PET judged as active lesions too. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET and CT have the same judgment in diagnosing healed and active tuberculosis lesions, while 18F-FDG PET is superior to CT in evaluating the active lesions residue in obsolete lesions. -
表 1 CT和PET对31例肺结核患者的肺结核病灶活动性判断结果的比较
(例) PET诊断为活动性肺结核者 PET诊断为非活动性肺结核者 合计 CT诊断为活动性肺结核者 9 0 9 CT诊断为非活动性肺结核者 5 17 22 合计 14 17 31 -
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