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不同的CT很好地适应了各种疾病诊断的需要,而CT在提供解决疾病诊断所需医学影像的同时,也给受检者带来一定的X射线辐射。因此,在充分利用CT诊断技术的同时,不能不关注其所产生的电离辐射对人体健康的影响,尤其是儿童正处于生长发育期,细胞增长旺盛,对X射线更加敏感,尤其对辐射敏感的组织(如骨髓(红)、结肠、肺、胃、乳腺、性腺等)危害更大;另外,儿童的预期生命比成人长,辐射的有害效应在儿童中表现出更大的潜在危害。据报道,接受同样剂量的辐射,儿童患癌症的风险远高于成人,且年龄越小危险性越大。X射线还可严重地影响人类的遗传性, 使受辐射的人群及其子女的寿命缩短[1]。所以,在临床诊断中,应根据放射防护的三原则来判断儿童是否有必要进行CT检查,并对接受CT检查的儿童进行必要的放射防护。
儿童CT检查的放射防护
The radiological protection of the children CT
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摘要: 近几十年来,CT成为诊断疾病的重要影像学手段之一。但是,考虑到患儿的高辐射敏感性,行CT时应当慎重。可以通过对剂量指数、剂量长度乘积、扫描层厚和面积这些CT相关参数的控制来降低患儿受照剂量。在保证CT图像清楚的前提下,对管电流、管电压、螺距的控制,同样可降低患儿受照剂量。通过有效剂量和集体剂量评估患儿的受照剂量。应当在辐射防护三原则的基础上开展患儿CT检查工作。Abstract: During the last decades, CT has become the predominant imaging technique in the diag-nosis of diseases. However, given the high radiation sensitivity in children, CT scanning should be indicated extremely carefully. These CT related parameters such as CT dose index, dose-length product, layers and areas can be controlled to decrease pediatric patients exposure doses. To ensure the quality of CT images clear, tube current, tube voltage and pitch can also be controlled to decrease exposure doses. Children exposure doses could be evaluated through the measurement of the effective dose and collective does. Using CT in children patients should be on the basis of the radiation protection of the three principles.
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Key words:
- Tomography /
- X-ray computer /
- Child /
- Radiation protection
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