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放射治疗一直是颅内恶性肿瘤综合治疗中的重要组成部分, 通过放射治疗可以明显延长颅内原发性肿瘤或继发性肿瘤患者的生存期。在传统放射治疗模式中, 将全脑放射治疗技术或局部外照射技术作为治疗不可切除的颅内恶性肿瘤的标准治疗手段, 不可避免的会造成正常脑组织的损伤, 从而导致长期生存的患者(尤其是儿童)在神经心理及认知方面出现损害[1]。射波刀(CyberKnife)是一种新型影像引导下精确放射治疗肿瘤的技术, 由于其临床治疗总精度可达亚毫米级别, 被认为是目前世界上最为精确的立体定向放射外科和立体定向放射治疗技术之一[2]。它已被应用于治疗颅内多种良、恶性肿瘤, 如胶质瘤、脑转移瘤、血管外皮瘤、脑膜瘤及颅咽管瘤等, 在取得了较好的局部控制率的前提下较好的保护了正常脑组织[3-7], 以减少对长期生存的患者在神经功能上的损伤。本文对射波刀治疗肿瘤的优势及其治疗颅内常见恶性肿瘤(如胶质瘤和脑转移瘤)的疗效研究进行综述。
射波刀治疗颅内恶性肿瘤
Intracranial malignant tumors treatment with CyberKnife
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摘要: 在脑肿瘤放射治疗的过程中,需要特别关注放射损伤风险,其可能损害正常脑组织,从而造成认知障碍。射波刀对治疗靶的适形性好,且定位准确,因此,可以在分次较少的情况下完成整个治疗。射波刀治疗是迄今为止放射损伤的危险最小的治疗手段,其使得患者的生活质量得到了最大保护。射波刀已被证明了在治疗颅内常见恶性肿瘤性疾病转移瘤方面具有较好的应用价值,但它在治疗颅内恶性胶质瘤方面仍存争议。该文就射波刀在治疗肿瘤上的优势及其在恶性胶质瘤、脑转移瘤中的应用做相关综述。Abstract: Of particular concern during radiosurgery of brain tumors is the risk of radiation damage to otherwise healthy tissue, potentially resulting in cognitive impairment.The conformality and precise targeting of the CyberKnife radiation beam enables this risk to be minimized to a greater extent than hitherto possible, which may allow treatment to be completed in a small number of fractions, thereby improving the quality of life for patients.The CyberKnife has proven particularly valuable in the treatment of metastases, which represent the great majority of brain tumors, though its role in the management of malignant glial tumors remains a subject of controversy.This article reviews the published studies on the efficacy of CyberKnife radiosurgery for brain tumors of both glial and metastatic origin, and advantage in the management of malignant tumor.
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Key words:
- Glioblastoma /
- Astrocytoma /
- Brain metastases /
- Radiosurgery /
- CyberKnife
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