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Duchenne型肌营养不良(Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD)是一种X性连锁隐性遗传的致死性疾病, 以骨骼肌和心肌纤维的变性、坏死为特征, 其发病率约为1/3500男婴, 是男性患儿常见的遗传性疾病, 无明显地理或种族间差异[1]。DMD的发病年龄偏小, 一般在2~3岁发病。该病起病隐匿、病程长, 在男性患儿中的症状较重且病死率高; 女性多为致病基因携带者, 发病者罕见, 且症状较轻。DMD的临床症状主要表现为慢性进行性肌无力、肌肉萎缩、运动障碍、心肌酶谱高等, 而心肌损害往往是其致死的主要原因之一。大多数DMD患者在20岁左右就死于心肺功能衰竭[2]。
DMD患者心肌损害的表现多种多样, 早期常因临床症状轻而被忽视, 晚期则因心脏功能的下降, 影响治疗和康复训练的进行, 从而导致病情进展和治疗难度加大。因此, DMD患者心肌损害的早期诊断和干预治疗, 对延缓心肌损害、延长患者生命具有重要意义。
随着影像医学的迅速发展, 心脏超声检查、冠状动脉造影、MRI、多层螺旋CT以及心脏核医学等技术都已逐步应用于DMD患者心肌损害的研究或临床应用中。现将DMD患者心肌损害的影像学研究现状进行综述, 以便为临床医师选择合适的检查方法提供参考, 提高对DMD患者心肌损害的诊断率。
Duchenne型肌营养不良患者心肌损害的影像学研究现状
The imaging research of myocardial damage in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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摘要: 心肌损害在Duchenne型肌营养不良(DMD)患者中多见且表现为多种多样。其早期临床症状轻,往往得不到足够重视;晚期则因心脏功能的下降,影响患者的生活质量、治疗和康复训练,从而导致病情进展和治疗难度加大。因此,DMD患者心肌损害的早期诊断和干预治疗,对延缓心肌损害、延长患者生命具有重要意义。为方便临床医师选择合适的影像学检查方法,提高对DMD患者心肌损害的诊断,该文对目前DMD心肌损害的影像学研究现状进行综述。Abstract: It is common that Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)patients can suffer from cardiac damage, which performed variously.Cardiac damage in DMD often be paid no attention in early stage, since the clinical symptoms is slight.With the decline of cardiac function, the quality of life, treatment and rehabilitation training of patients will be affected significantly.Furthermore, the progress of the disease will be speeded up and the difficulty of treatment will be increased.Therefore, there will be important significance in delaying the progression of cardiac damage and prolonging the life of patients by the early diagnosis and intervention treatment of cardiac damage in DMD.For the convenience of the clinician to choose suitable imaging methods, to improve the cardiac damage in patients of DMD, imaging researches which are applied to the DMD cardiac damage are reviewed.
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