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乳腺癌是一种常见的严重威胁妇女健康的亲骨性恶性肿瘤,其发病率呈逐年上升,骨转移是其最常见的并发症之一,而发生骨转移将极大地影响患者的生存质量,且预后不佳。判断乳腺癌有无骨转移,对制定治疗方案、判断预后有重要意义[1]。全身骨显像是诊断骨转移的重要方法,其通过放射性核素的异常分布发现转移灶。糖类抗原15-3(carbohydrate antigen, CA15-3)和癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA)是乳腺癌诊断中常用的血清肿瘤标志物。本研究探讨全身骨显像联合血清CA15-3、CEA检测在乳腺癌骨转移诊断中的价值,现报道如下。
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3组患者全身骨显像和血清CA15-3、CEA水平测定结果见表 1,结果显示:乳腺癌骨转移组血清CA15-3、CEA水平明显高于无骨转移组和对照组,差异有统计学意义;乳腺癌无骨转移组血清CA15-3、CEA水平略高于对照组,差异无统计学意义。
例数 全身骨显像阳性率(%) CA15-3 CEA 实测值[(x±s) kU/L] 阳性率(%) 实测值[(x±s)μg/L] 阳性率(%) 良性病变组 45 6.67(3/45) 13.41±4.26 2.22(1/45) 6.7±3.1 6.67(3/45) 乳腺癌骨转移组 46 95.65(44/46) 95.51±32.93△ 76.09(35/46) 58.6±20.4△△ 80.43(37/46) 乳腺癌无骨转移组 51 13.73(7/51) 17.31±6.91* 17.65(9/51) 9.5±4.8** 11.76(6/51) 注:乳腺癌骨转移组与无骨转移组比较,△:t=2.891,P < 0.01;△△:t=2.952,P < 0.01。乳腺癌骨转移组与良性病变组比较,△:t=3.125,P < 0.01;△△:t=3.248,P < 0.01;乳腺癌无骨转移组与良性病变组比较,*:t=1.694,P > 0.05;**:t=1.681,P > 0.05。 表 1 乳腺癌骨转移组、无骨转移组和良性病变组患者全身骨显像和血清CA15-3、CEA水平测定结果
乳腺癌骨转移组患者大多数全身骨显像结果为阳性(图 1),仅2例为阴性,骨显像阴性患者全身核素分布未见明显异常,但是患者骨痛明显,结合CT或MRI检查发现骨转移;无骨转移组有7例发现核素异常浓聚,其中5例为术后改变,2例为外伤引起;良性病变组3例放射性异常浓聚均由外伤引起,该3例患者的血清CA15-3、CEA水平在正常范围;骨转移组全身骨显像阴性的2例患者,血清CA15-3、CEA水平明显高于正常范围;无骨转移组全身骨显像阳性的7例患者中,有2例CA15-3、CEA水平轻度增高,5例在正常范围。
血清CA15-3、CEA水平测定和全身骨显像联检对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断价值见表 2。结果显示,虽然CA15-3+CEA两项联检诊断乳腺癌骨转移的特异度较单项肿瘤标志物检测时低,但其灵敏度和准确率却明显提高;而CA15-3+CEA+全身骨显像三项联检比CA15-3+CEA两项联检在诊断乳腺癌骨转移中的灵敏度、特异度和准确率均明显提高。
诊断指标 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 全身骨显像 95.65(44/46) 89.85(86/96) 91.55(130/142) CA15-3 76.09(35/46) 89.85(86/96) 85.21(121/142) CEA 80.43(37/46) 90.63(87/96) 87.32(124/142) CA15-3+CEA 93.45(43/46) 88.54(85/96) 90.14(128/142) CA15-3+CEA+全身骨显像 100(46/46) 95.83(92/96) 97.18(138/142) 表 2 血清CA15-3、CEA水平和全身骨显像联检对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断价值
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血清CA15-3、CEA检测联合全身骨显像在乳腺癌骨转移中的诊断价值
The value of combined examination of serum CA15-3, CEA level and whole body bone scan in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in breast cancer
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摘要:
目的 评价血清肿瘤标志物糖类抗原15-3(CA15-3)、癌胚抗原(CEA)检测联合全身骨显像在乳腺癌骨转移诊断中的价值。 方法 对97例乳腺癌患者(其中,骨转移组46例、无骨转移组51例)及45例良性乳腺疾病患者(良性病变组)行SPECT全身骨显像,对骨显像阴性但骨痛明显患者,再行CT或MRI检查以确诊。同时,用电化学发光法测定其血清CA15-3、CEA水平,并将两者的结果进行比较。 结果 骨转移组CA15-3、CEA水平明显高于无骨转移组和良性病变组,两项指标诊断骨转移的阳性率分别为76.09%、80.43%;骨转移组全身骨显像44例为阳性(占95.65%),仅2例为阴性(占4.35%),该2例骨显像阴性患者再经CT或MRI确诊为骨转移;无骨转移组中的7例及良性病变组中的3例骨显像为阳性,均由手术或外伤引起。CA15-3+CEA+全身骨显像三项联检比CA15-3+CEA两项联检及各单项检查在诊断乳腺癌骨转移中的灵敏度、特异性和准确率均明显提高。 结论 全身骨显像和CA15-3、CEA联合检测有助于提高乳腺癌骨转移的检出率。 Abstract:Objective To explore the value of combined examination of serum tumormarkers carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and whole body bone scan in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in breast cancer. Methods Whole body bone scan and serum CA15-3 and CEA levels with a electrochemical luminescence assay were performed in 97 patients with breast cancer (46 cases with bone metastasis and 51 cases without bone metastasis) and 45 patients with benign breast diseases. As for the negative cases who had significant pains in bones, CT or MRI was performed to make sure. Results The serum level of CA15-3 and CEA were significantly higher in patients with bone metastasis than those in patients without bone metastasis and the benign lesions. The positive predicting values were 76.09% and 80.43%. Most patients with bone metastasis had positive results in bone scan(95.65%), only 2 cases had negative results (4.35%), which is positive by CT or MRI Seven. Seven patients without bone metastasis and Three patients with the benign lesions had positive results in bone scan, that may be caused by previous operation or injury. The combined determination of CA15-3, CEA and whole body bone scan had a better performance in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy than each single way. Conclusion The combined determination of CA15-3, CEA and whole body bone scan were valuable in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in breast cancer. -
表 1 乳腺癌骨转移组、无骨转移组和良性病变组患者全身骨显像和血清CA15-3、CEA水平测定结果
例数 全身骨显像阳性率(%) CA15-3 CEA 实测值[(x±s) kU/L] 阳性率(%) 实测值[(x±s)μg/L] 阳性率(%) 良性病变组 45 6.67(3/45) 13.41±4.26 2.22(1/45) 6.7±3.1 6.67(3/45) 乳腺癌骨转移组 46 95.65(44/46) 95.51±32.93△ 76.09(35/46) 58.6±20.4△△ 80.43(37/46) 乳腺癌无骨转移组 51 13.73(7/51) 17.31±6.91* 17.65(9/51) 9.5±4.8** 11.76(6/51) 注:乳腺癌骨转移组与无骨转移组比较,△:t=2.891,P < 0.01;△△:t=2.952,P < 0.01。乳腺癌骨转移组与良性病变组比较,△:t=3.125,P < 0.01;△△:t=3.248,P < 0.01;乳腺癌无骨转移组与良性病变组比较,*:t=1.694,P > 0.05;**:t=1.681,P > 0.05。 表 2 血清CA15-3、CEA水平和全身骨显像联检对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断价值
(%) 诊断指标 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 全身骨显像 95.65(44/46) 89.85(86/96) 91.55(130/142) CA15-3 76.09(35/46) 89.85(86/96) 85.21(121/142) CEA 80.43(37/46) 90.63(87/96) 87.32(124/142) CA15-3+CEA 93.45(43/46) 88.54(85/96) 90.14(128/142) CA15-3+CEA+全身骨显像 100(46/46) 95.83(92/96) 97.18(138/142) -
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