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纳米金是指直径介于1~100 nm之间的金颗粒,其具有非常独特的物理性质和化学性质,具体包括以下3个方面:①纳米金易于制备,稳定性非常好;②具有纳米颗粒所特有的小尺寸效应、表面效应、量子尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应和介电效应等;③具有独特的电学效应、光学效应、磁学效应(光吸收和光散射)、催化效应和特殊的生物亲和效应[1]。近年来,纳米金受到了化学、物理、医学、生命科学等相关领域研究人员的广泛关注。
肿瘤治疗的关键在于早期诊断,CT是目前临床常用的肿瘤诊断方法,但CT使用的碘造影剂存在造影时间短、肾毒性、缺乏特异性、X射线诱导含碘物质电离出碘离子(造成毒性)等缺点,而基于纳米金的新型CT造影剂有望改善上述缺点。放疗是肿瘤治疗的三大常规方法之一,但放疗过程中照射区域内的正常组织也会受到不同程度的损害,尤其是深部的肿瘤,靶向修饰的纳米金作为放疗增敏剂有可能提高肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性,增强皮肤表面X射线照射对深部肿瘤的杀伤作用,从而可以减少患者用于放疗的剂量,减轻放疗对正常组织的损害。因此,纳米金有望整合肿瘤成像和治疗,以实现实时的可视化肿瘤治疗的新途径[2]。
纳米金在肿瘤显像与放射治疗中的应用
The application of nanogold in tumor imaging and radiotherapy
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摘要: 纳米金因具有良好的表面性质和优异的生物亲和性,使其能被多种基团修饰,从而获得对肿瘤细胞的靶向性;又因其具有表面等离子共振效应等强吸收和发光特性,故可进行肿瘤显像。另外,在肿瘤放疗过程中,纳米金能够将吸收的光能转化为热能进行肿瘤局部加热,起到了放疗增敏的效果,从而减少受照剂量,减轻放疗对正常组织的伤害。该文阐述靶向修饰的纳米金在肿瘤显像和放疗中的研究进展,而纳米金在体内分布、代谢及其生物毒性有待进一步研究。
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关键词:
- 肿瘤 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 放射疗法 /
- 纳米金
Abstract: Nanogold can be modified by various groups and thus target to tumor cells because of its satisfactory surface property and excellent biological affinity, and as its surface plasmon resonance and strong absorption induced luminescence, nanogold can be used in tumor imaging, what's more, nanogold can transform the light absorbed into localized heat in tumor radiotherapy, which plays a radiosensitization effect, therefor reduces the radiation doses and the damage to normal tissue. This article describes the progression of researching targeted nanogold in tumor imaging and radiotherapy, but the distribution, metabolism and biotoxicity of nanogold in vivo are still not well understood.-
Key words:
- Neoplasms /
- Tomography, X ray-computer /
- Radiotherapy /
- Nanogold
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