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前列腺癌是中老年男性常见的恶性肿瘤之一, 近年来其发病率在我国呈上升趋势。由于早期多无症状或症状不明显, 50%~80%的前列腺癌患者就诊时已经发生广泛转移, 失去了根治性手术的机会[1]。核素全身骨显像是目前诊断前列腺癌骨转移较好的方法, 前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen, PSA)在前列腺癌的诊断和疗效观察等方面也具有重要的临床意义。因此, 我们对经病理证实的107例前列腺癌患者的血清PSA水平、病理分级和全身骨显像结果进行了回顾性分析, 旨在探讨全身骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移与血清PSA水平及病理分级的关系, 并研究前列腺癌发生骨转移的规律和特点。
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99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像发现前列腺癌骨转移49例, 占45.8%(49/107)。其中, 单个病灶或两个病灶者9例, 占18.4%(9/49)(图 1); 多个(≥3个)病灶者40例, 占81.6%(40/49)(图 2)。全身骨显像诊断骨转移的灵敏度为91.2%, 特异度为84.3%。
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前列腺癌骨转移组与非骨转移组的PSA平均值分别为(120.3±12.3)μg/L和(28.6±9.3)μg/L, 前者显著高于后者(t=9.871, P < 0.01)。根据血清PSA的水平, 比较各个不同临界值对骨转移诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率, 结果见表 1。通过表 1发现, 以PSA > 20 μg/L为诊断临界值时, PSA≤20 μg/L和 > 20 μg/L两组诊断骨转移的差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.62, P < 0.01), 灵敏度达89.6%, 准确率达87.1%, 但特异度为59.1%;当以PSA > 40 μg/L为诊断临界值时, PSA≤40 μg/L和 > 40 μg/L两组诊断骨转移的差异具有统计学意义(χ2=8.69, P < 0.01), 灵敏度达79.2%, 准确率达82.3%, 特异度为91.6%, 有诊断骨转移的价值; 当以PSA > 60 μg/L为诊断临界值时, 特异度达100%, 表示PSA水平高于该值的患者几乎都已发生骨转移。
前列腺特异性抗原(μg/L) > 20 > 40 > 60 > 100 灵敏度 89.6 79.2 69.1 50.9 特异度 59.1 91.6 100 100 阳性预测值 90.1 95.3 100 100 阴性预测值 68.2 57.1 40.9 31.9 准确率 87.1 82.3 76.2 64.2 表 1 不同前列腺特异性抗原水平诊断骨转移发生的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率(%)
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根据前列腺癌原发病灶的病理分级进行分组后分析各自的骨转移发生率结果见表 2, 其中, 高分化组骨转移发生率为28.6%;中分化组为45.5%;低分化组为56.5%, 3组之间骨转移发生率比较, 差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.41, P < 0.01)。对上述3组之间骨转移发生率作两两比较: 低分化组分别与高分化组、中分化组相比, 差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.78和χ2=9.69, P均 < 0.01);而高分化组与中分化组相比, 差异无统计学意义(χ2= 1.33, P > 0.05)。
总例数 骨转移例数 骨转移发生率(%) 高分化组 28 8 28.6 中分化组 33 15 45.5 低分化组 46 26 56.5 表 2 前列腺癌病理分级与骨转移发生率的关系
全身骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移与PSA水平及病理分级的相关性研究
Study of relationship between the bone imaging, level of PSA and pathology grade in diagnosis of prostate carcinoma bone metastasis
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摘要:
目的 探讨核素全身骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移与血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平及前列腺癌病理分级的关系,并研究前列腺癌发生骨转移的规律和特点。 方法 对107例前列腺癌患者术前用放免法测定其血清PSA水平,并进行99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐全身骨显像,术后对其进行病理分级,分析前列腺癌骨转移与3种方法检查结果的相关性。 结果 107例前列腺癌患者全身骨显像发现49例发生骨转移,占45.8%(49/107),其中,不同病理分组之间的骨转移发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.41,P < 0.01),前列腺癌分化程度越低,骨转移发生率越高;随着血清中PSA水平的升高,骨转移的发生率明显增加,PSA > 20μg/L者有骨转移可能,PSA > 60μg/L者骨转移的可能性极大。 结论 前列腺癌患者骨转移发生率与前列腺癌的分化程度、血清PSA水平有一定的关系。低分化者或PSA > 20μg/L者,骨转移发生率高。对于初诊的前列腺癌患者,PSA < 20μg/L者应密切随访其PSA水平变化;PSA > 20μg/L者应行骨显像以确诊;PSA > 60μg/L者临床可诊断为骨转移。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA), pathology grade and bone imaging in diagnosis of bone metastasis in prostatic carcinoma. Methods Serum PSA, whole body bone imaging with99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate, pathology grade in 107 cases of prostatic carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed as to their correlation with bone metastasis. Results Fourty-nine of 107 cases demonstrated bone metastasis by whole body bone imaging.There were significant difference in bone metastasis incidence rate among high differentiation group, middle differentiation group and low differentiation group.The results showed that when PSA < 20 μg/L, the possibility of bone metastasis was extremely low and follow-up studies were reuired.When serum PSA > 20 μg/L, bone metastasis should be considered and bone imaging was necessary. Conclusions There were some relationship among the level of PSA, pathology grade and bone metastasis.The possibility of bone metastasis became high when PSA > 20 μg/L.If PSA > 60 μg/L, a clinical diagnosis of bone metastasis might be made. -
表 1 不同前列腺特异性抗原水平诊断骨转移发生的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率(%)
前列腺特异性抗原(μg/L) > 20 > 40 > 60 > 100 灵敏度 89.6 79.2 69.1 50.9 特异度 59.1 91.6 100 100 阳性预测值 90.1 95.3 100 100 阴性预测值 68.2 57.1 40.9 31.9 准确率 87.1 82.3 76.2 64.2 表 2 前列腺癌病理分级与骨转移发生率的关系
总例数 骨转移例数 骨转移发生率(%) 高分化组 28 8 28.6 中分化组 33 15 45.5 低分化组 46 26 56.5 -
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