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核医学是核技术与医学相结合的学科, 其中最主要的内容就是核素诊断和核素治疗。近年来, 纳米科学的快速发展和纳米技术的应用正在改变着现代医学诊断和治疗的基础。由于纳米材料的特殊结构——物质的颗粒尺寸 < 100nm, 它的比表面积很大, 晶界处的原子数比率高达15~50, 使之产生4大效应, 即小尺寸效应、量子效应(含宏观量子隧道效应)、表面效应和界面效应, 从而具有传统材料所不具备的物理、化学性能, 这些效应已经在纳米人工器官、药物和转基因纳米载体、药物控释等方面表现出良好的效果。纳米材料应用于核医学是通过双功能螯合剂或物理包埋的方法将同位素与纳米材料连接, 再将病变组织特异结合的靶向分子连接到纳米材料上, 目前主要用于肿瘤的显像诊断和放射性治疗方面。
纳米材料在核医学中的应用
The applications of nanomaterials in nuclear medicine
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摘要: 近年来随着纳米技术和纳米材料在医学应用中的迅速发展,尤其是在药物靶向传递和转基因载体等方面的不断深入研究,纳米材料也逐渐开始在核医学中应用。该文综述了目前几类纳米材料在核医学中的最新研究进展,并且讨论了其中存在的一些问题和今后发展的主要方向。Abstract: Over the last decade, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have gained rapid development in medical application, especially in targeted drug delivery and gene transfer vector domain, and nano-materials are also beginning to applied in nuclear medicine.This paper is to make a view of the application research of several types of nanomaterials in nuclear medicine, and discusse some problems and the main direction of future development.
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Key words:
- Nanomedicine /
- Radionuclide imaging
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