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Graves病又称毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿,它在青少年(< 18岁)中的发病率占全部Graves病患者的1%~5%。目前国内治疗青少年Graves病的主要方法仍为口服抗甲状腺药物,但有些患者的治疗效果很不理想,而手术治疗因其创伤性也不易被患者接受。131I治疗Graves病是一种安全有效、简便经济的方法,在国外已被广泛作为成人Graves病的首选疗法[1]。由于临床经验有限,我国2004年才将青少年Graves病的131I治疗列入治疗规范的适应证[2],但因缺乏明确的治疗剂量标准,影响了该方法的推广。本研究通过分析接受131I治疗的青少年Graves病患者的临床资料,评估应用不同剂量131I治疗后患者的疗效及甲状腺功能减退(甲减)发生率,探寻适合中国青少年Graves病患者的有效剂量范围。
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234例患者的平均131I治疗活度为(1.76±0.68)MBq/g,共治愈152例(64.95%),好转者56例(23.93%),发生甲减者26例(11.11%),总有效率为88.88%;采用Ridit分析,结果显示B组疗效最高,其余各组间差异无统计学意义。
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不同剂量组131I治疗青少年Graves病的治愈率见表 1。对表 1的数据采用卡方检验,结果显示B组、C组、D组间差异无统计学意义(χ2 =2.68, P>0.05),B组的治愈率显著高于A组及E组(χ2 =10.20和χ2 =5.49, P < 0.05)。A组的治愈率最低。
剂量分组(MBq/g) 例数 治愈人数 治愈率(%) A组(1.11~<1.48) 46 14 30.43 B组(1.48~<1.85) 76 62 81.58 C组(1.85~<2.22) 48 36 75.00 D组(2.22~2.59) 34 22 64.71 E组(>2.59) 30 18 60.00 表 1 不同剂量131I治疗青少年Graves病的治愈率
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不同剂量131I治疗青少年Graves病的好转率见表 2。对表 2的数据采用卡方检验,结果显示B组、C组、D组及E组间差异无统计学意义(χ2 =1.94,P>0.05),而A组的好转率显著高于B组、C组、D组和E组(χ2 =8.74、χ2 =6.68、χ2 =7.01和χ2 =11.12,P < 0.05)。
剂量分组(MBq/g) 例数 好转人数 好转率(%) A组(1.11~<1.48) 46 30 65.22 B组(1.48~<1.85) 76 10 13.16 C组(1.85~<2.22) 48 8 16.67 D组(2.22~2.59) 34 6 17.65 E组(>2.59) 30 2 6.67 表 2 不同剂量131I治疗青少年Graves病的好转率
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不同剂量131I治疗青少年Graves病的甲减发生率见表 3。对表 3的数据采用卡方检验,结果显示A组、B组、C组及D组间差异无统计学意义(χ2 =2.71,P>0.05),E组的甲减发生率显著高于A组、B组、C组和D组(χ2 =12.36、χ2 =11.58、χ2 =9.37和χ2 =4.36,P < 0.05)。
剂量分组(MBq/g) 例数 甲减人数 甲减发生率(%) A组(1.11~<1.48) 46 2 4.35 B组(1.48~<1.85) 76 4 5.26 C组(1.85~<2.22) 48 4 8.33 D组(2.22~2.59) 34 6 17.65 E组(>2.59) 30 10 33.33 表 3 不同剂量131I治疗青少年Graves病的甲减发生率
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随访全部234例患者,未见发生甲状腺结节、甲状腺癌变、非甲状腺恶性肿瘤及后代先天性缺陷的病例。
131I治疗青少年Graves病的量效分析
An analysis of the dose and the therapeutic effect of 131I in treating youngsters with Graves disease
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摘要:
目的 分析接受131I治疗的青少年Graves病患者的临床资料,探寻适合中国青少年Graves病患者的有效剂量范围。 方法 接受131I治疗的青少年Graves病患者共234例,年龄为8~17岁,平均甲状腺质量为(59.0±16.5)g。完善治疗前准备后,根据每克甲状腺组织给予131I的剂量将患者分为5个观察组,A组:1.11~<1.48 MBq/g,B组:1.48~<1.85 MBq/g,C组:1.85~<2.22 MBq/g,D组:2.22~2.59 MBq/g,E组:>2.59 MBq/g,观察每组疗效,统计每组治愈率、好转率和甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)发生率。 结果 ① 234例患者中治愈152例(64.95%)、好转56例(23.93%)、甲减26例(11.11%),其中B组疗效最高。②治愈率:B组、C组、D组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.68,P>0.05),B组治愈率显著高于A组及E组(χ2=10.20和χ2=5.49,P < 0.05),A组治愈率最低。③好转率:B组、C组、D组及E组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.94,P>0.05),A组的好转率显著高于B组、C组、D组和E组(χ2=8.74、χ2=6.68、χ2=7.01和χ2=11.12,P < 0.05)。④甲减发生率:A组、B组、C组及D组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.71,P>0.05),E组的甲减发生率显著高于A组、B组、C组和D组(χ2=12.36、χ2=11.58、χ2=9.37和χ2=4.36,P < 0.05)。 结论 青少年Graves病患者接受131I治疗安全有效,131I治疗的首选剂量建议控制在1.48~2.59 MBq/g,既能获得较满意的疗效又不致于增加甲减发生率。 Abstract:Objective To analyses the clinical data of 131I in treating youngsters with Graves disease, and to explore the effective dose range which is appropriate for Chinese youngsters with Graves disease. Methods Two hundred and thirty-four youngsters with Graves disease were selected in this study, their ages were between 8 and 17, the average quality of their thyroids was (59.0±16.5)g. According to the absorbed dose of 131I per gram of thyroid gland, 234 patients were divided into five groups: A: 1.11- < 1.48 MBq/g, B: 1.48- < 1.85 MBq/g, C: 1.85- < 2.22 MBq/g, D: 2.22-2.59 MBq/g, E: >2.59 MBq/g. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by observing after treatment. And calculate the recovery rate, the improvement rate and the incidence rate of hypothyroidism. Results ① One hundred and fifty-two(64.95%) patients were cured, 56(23.93%) were much better than before and 26(11.11%) were hypothyroid. The therapeutic effect of group B was the best in all groups. ②The recovery rate: there was no significant difference between group B, group C and group D(χ2=2.68, P>0.05). The recovery rate of group B was better than group A and group E(χ2=10.20 and χ2=5.49, P < 0.05). The recovery rate of group A was the lowest. ③The improvement rate: There was no significant difference between group B, group C, group D and group E (χ2=1.94, P>0.05). The improvement rate of group A was the highest (χ2=8.74, χ2=6.68, χ2=7.01 and χ2=11.12, P < 0.05). ④The incidence rate of hypothyroidism: There was no significant difference between group A, group B, group C and group D (χ2=2.71, P>0.05). Group E had the highest incidence rate of hypothyroidism(χ2=12.36, χ2=11.58, χ2=9.37 and χ2=4.36, P < 0.05). Conclusions Using 131I is a safe and effective therapeutic approach for youngsters with Graves disease. We suggest the absorbed dose range of 131I per gram of thyroid gland is 1.48-2.59 MBq/g, which can obtain the better therapeutic effect and can't increase the incidence rate of hypothyroidism. -
Key words:
- Graves disease /
- Brachytherapy /
- Iodine radioisotopes /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同剂量131I治疗青少年Graves病的治愈率
剂量分组(MBq/g) 例数 治愈人数 治愈率(%) A组(1.11~<1.48) 46 14 30.43 B组(1.48~<1.85) 76 62 81.58 C组(1.85~<2.22) 48 36 75.00 D组(2.22~2.59) 34 22 64.71 E组(>2.59) 30 18 60.00 表 2 不同剂量131I治疗青少年Graves病的好转率
剂量分组(MBq/g) 例数 好转人数 好转率(%) A组(1.11~<1.48) 46 30 65.22 B组(1.48~<1.85) 76 10 13.16 C组(1.85~<2.22) 48 8 16.67 D组(2.22~2.59) 34 6 17.65 E组(>2.59) 30 2 6.67 表 3 不同剂量131I治疗青少年Graves病的甲减发生率
剂量分组(MBq/g) 例数 甲减人数 甲减发生率(%) A组(1.11~<1.48) 46 2 4.35 B组(1.48~<1.85) 76 4 5.26 C组(1.85~<2.22) 48 4 8.33 D组(2.22~2.59) 34 6 17.65 E组(>2.59) 30 10 33.33 -
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