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核医学的发展经历了从平面静态显像的闪烁扫描机到平面动态的γ照相机,从三维动态的SPECT以及分辨率更高的三维动态PET到目前在临床应用非常广泛的、将功能代谢和解剖定位信息相结合的SPECT-CT和PET-CT双模式显像。其发展从二维平面向三维立体、从静态到动态、从单一功能显像到功能解剖图像融合,每一次发展都代表了一次技术上的革新以及对疾病本身更深入的揭示。然而,作为分子显像的重要分支,它的发展空间不仅局限于此。更合理的临床治疗需求以及科学家们对生命和疾病本身的不懈探索,正将核医学向多模式、多示踪剂同步显像的方向不断推进。
核医学显像的基本要素包括:显像主体(人或动物)、合适的放射性药物(即示踪剂)、相应的放射性探测器(如晶体闪烁探测器)以及其他质量控制和图像显示系统。放射性药物多是由放射性核素标记、具有生物特性以及特定体内药代动力学或分布的示踪剂。也就是说,每一种药物都有其特异性及相应的生物学表现。同样,每一种显像模式基于其显像原理的不同也具有特异性。
将每一种显像元素的特异性在有限的时间内相匹配的结合,并获得互补信息以更全面地显示疾病或其他实验对象的特点,就是向多模式、多示踪剂发展的最初动力。所以,不断解决此类融合带来的限制性问题,则是将其逐渐从实验室应用于临床的具体措施,也是最大的挑战。
分子核医学显像展望:多参数分子显像时代
The development of nuclear medicine molecular imaging: An era of multiparametric imaging
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摘要: 核医学分子显像呈多模式、多示踪剂发展趋势,不同显像模式、不同显像示踪剂带来的多参数信息为临床和实验室的研究提供了更丰富的互补信息。其中,PET-MRI将成为核医学分子显像未来发展的一个热门话题。该文着重探讨了核医学分子显像发展过程中,由单模式到多模式、由单示踪剂到多示踪剂的演变过程,总结多模式、多示踪剂、多参数分子显像的定义、区别、优缺点和存在问题,并探讨了分子显像的未来发展。
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关键词:
- 分子诊断技术 /
- 多模式影像技术 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术
Abstract: Nuclear medical molecular imaging is developing toward a multimodality and multitracer future. Abundant complementary data generated from different tracers in different modalities are successfully serving the biological research and clinical treatment. Among the others, PET-MRI has the greatest potential and will be a research of interest in the near future. This article focused on the evolution history of nuclear medicine from single modality to multimodality, single tracer to multitracer. It also gave a brief summary to the identifications, differences, pros and consofmultimodality, multitracer, multiparametric molecular imaging. Issues, problems and challenges concerned with her development and recognition are also discussed. -
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