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甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)是由多种病因导致甲状腺激素分泌过多引起的自身免疫性疾病, 年发生率高达0.2%~0.3%。近年来的调查表明, 随着我国碘盐的普及, 甲状腺疾病的发病率逐年上升[1]。
目前, 治疗甲亢的常用方法有3种: 抗甲状腺药物(antithyroid drugs, ATD)治疗、手术治疗及131I治疗。ATD治疗甲亢的目的是达到稳定、正常的甲状腺功能, 此方法可使40%~60%的症状得到缓解, 但是复发率高, 即使经过长期治疗, 停药后复发率仍高达60%~80%[2], 且常发生药物不良反应, 如粒细胞减少、肝功能受损等。甲状腺次全切除术能使90%~95%的患者获得痊愈, 手术的病死率在1%左右, 4%~5%的患者术后甲亢复发[3], 而且手术风险较大, 可引起喉返神经损伤、甲状旁腺功能减退等, 同时永久性甲状腺功能减低(甲减)的发生率也比较高。131I治疗甲亢已有60多年的历史, 在欧美等发达国家, 131I治疗已成为治疗甲亢最常用的方法。本文就131I治疗甲亢的几个重要方面的现状与进展予以综述。
131I治疗甲亢的现状和研究进展
The development and current status of 131I treatment for hyperthyroidism
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摘要: 甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)是由多种病因导致甲状腺激素分泌过多的自身免疫性疾病。治疗的方法目前主要包括:抗甲状腺药物治疗、131I治疗以及手术治疗。131I已被公认为治疗成人及儿童甲亢的有效、安全、简便的方法。目前,131I治疗甲亢的研究趋势主要集中在两个方面,即131I治疗甲亢存在的问题和远期安全性。Abstract: Hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune diseasein which excessive amounts of thyroid hormones circulate in the blood.The treatments for hyperthyroidism mainly include antithyroid drugs, 131I treatment, and surgery.131I had been verified as an effective, safe, simple method to treat adult and children hyperthyroidism.Current research trends of 131I treatment mainly are problems of 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism and its long-term security.
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Key words:
- Hyperthyroidism /
- Iodine radioisotopes /
- Brachytherapy /
- Antithyroid agents
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