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国际放射防护委员会(International Commission on Radiological Protection,ICRP)第148号出版物(ICRP Publication 148: Radiation Weighting for Reference Animals and Plants)[1]于2021年正式发布,其授权的中文译本《参考动物和植物的辐射权重》[2]也于2023年4月由中国原子能出版社出版。该出版物的要点有以下5个部分:(1)综述了相对生物效能(relative biological effectiveness,RBE)的研究数据,如低能氚β粒子和α粒子的RBE值。(2)物种间的RBE值没有显示明显的差异,与X射线和γ射线相比,氚β粒子的RBE值分别为1.5~2和2~2.5。通常α粒子的RBE值更高,约为10。(3)出于辐射防护目的,根据现有知识,将生物种群吸收剂量的RBE权重因子指定为所有参考动物和植物(reference animals and plants,RAPs)的单一值,以适用于所有与种群相关的生物终点。(4)RBE对RAPs的RBE权重因子吸收剂量率应采用所有低传能线密度(linear energy transfer,LET)的值为1的射线和LET的值为10的α粒子计算,以便与导出考虑参考水平(derived consideration reference level,DCRL)进行比较。(5)如果暴露于氚β粒子或其他低能量、低LET辐射的剂量在 DCRL范围内或接近DCRL,则可能需要进行额外审查并修改RBE权重因子。ICRP第148号出版物收集了1957~2021年64年间世界各国有关氚β粒子所致生物效应RBE值的研究成果,其中降低生殖功能率的RBE值等资料均来自中国学者的贡献。该出版物涵盖内容丰富,本文作者在获得ICRP授权后,组织该领域的学者将其翻译成了中文。本文重点介绍低能氚β粒子对不同生物终点影响的RBE值。
ICRP第148号出版物《参考动物和植物的辐射权重》内容简介及中国学者的贡献
A brief introduction to ICRP Publication 148:Radiation Weighting for Reference Animals and Plants and the contribution of Chinese scholars
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摘要: 核聚变的推广应用是国家重要的能源战略。伴随着氚向环境中排放量的增加以及氚在众多领域中的广泛应用,人类受到低剂量氚照射的概率也随之增加。2021年国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)第148号出版物《参考动物和植物的辐射权重》正式发布。在其选用的资料中,均引用了中国学者的相关文献及氚相对生物效能(RBE)的研究结果。笔者以ICRP第148号出版物为基础,概述了低能氚β粒子对不同生物终点影响的RBE值,总结了我国学者对氚研究所做出的贡献,并对氚的进一步研究进行了展望,旨在推动对氚的纵深研究进展,为氚的辐射防护做出应有的贡献。Abstract: The promotion and application of nuclear fusion is an important national energy strategy. Tritium emissions into the environment have increased, and its application in many fields has become extensive. Accordingly, the probability of human exposure to low-dose tritium radiation also increases. In 2021, International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 148: Radiation Weighting for Reference Animals and Plants was officially released. Among the selected materials, relevant literature from Chinese scholars and results of research on tritium relative biological efficiency (RBE) are cited. Based on ICRP Publication 148, the author summarizes the RBE values of the effects of low-energy tritium β particles on different biological endpoints, as well as the contributions made by Chinese scholars to tritium research. We further discuss prospects for future research on tritium to promote its in-depth study and suitably contribute to its radiation protection.
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