-
随着社会的发展和饮食结构的变化,牙髓病和根尖周疾病患者的数量逐年增加。目前,根管治疗(root canal treatment,RCT)是临床治疗牙髓病和根尖周疾病最为有效的方法[1]。近年来,口腔学的研究逐渐深入和成熟,超声治疗器械、镍钛器械、显微镜系统的使用使RCT的成功率不断提高,但根管的解剖结构较为复杂且根管口至根尖区的形态变化较大,因此RCT的术前诊断和成像尤为重要[2]。影像技术是辅助RCT重要的检查和成像手段,目前常见的影像检查方法为数字化根尖片,其可以显示牙冠的全貌、根管的弯曲程度以及根尖周的硬组织情况,具有操作简单方便、辐射剂量小等特点[3]。但数字化根尖片为二维图像,对情况较为复杂的牙齿进行拍摄易出现影像重叠、变形等问题,给医师阅片带来了较大困难[4]。锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)是一种较为先进的口腔影像检查方法[5]。其采用锥形X射线束投照,射线围绕患者扫描后由平板探测器接收,最后由计算机接收信号并进行分析,完成三维成像[6]。CBCT可以通过矢状面、冠状面和横断面成像,具有较高的空间分辨率,可以有效避免数字化根尖片出现的影像重叠、变形等问题,但可能会受到射线硬化和散射现象的影响导致图像清晰度降低[5]。本研究对比了CBCT联合数字化根尖片与根尖片评估RCT疗效的作用,以期为临床医师评估RCT的疗效提供理论依据。
数字化根尖片联合锥形束CT对根管治疗疗效评价和预后评估的研究
Evaluation of curative effect and prognosis of root canal therapy by digital apical film combined with cone beam CT
-
摘要:
目的 探究数字化根尖片联合锥形束CT(CBCT)对根管治疗(RCT)疗效评价和预后评估的作用。 方法 回顾性分析2021年1至12月于沧州市人民医院行RCT的84例患者的临床资料,其中男性45例、女性39例,年龄(42.7±10.4)岁。采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(42例)和对照组(42例)。对照组采用数字化根尖片辅助行RCT,观察组采用数字化根尖片联合CBCT扫描辅助行RCT。对照组患者共54颗患牙,其中上颌第一、第二磨牙分别为11颗和12颗,下颌第一、第二磨牙分别为13颗和18颗;观察组患者共56颗患牙,其中上颌第一、第二磨牙分别为13颗、10颗,下颌第一、第二磨牙分别为14颗、19颗。采用χ2检验比较2组患者上颌和下颌第一磨牙、第二磨牙的恰填率、根管填充致密度合格率和治愈率。 结果 对照组上颌第一磨牙、下颌第二磨牙的恰填率均低于观察组[65.71%(23/35)对88.10%(37/42)、68.29%(28/41)对87.50%(42/48)],且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.560、4.858,均P<0.05)。对照组上颌第二磨牙、下颌第一磨牙的恰填率均低于观察组[71.43% (25/35) 对85.71% (24/28)、74.00% (37/50) 对86.27% (44/51)],差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.837、2.395,均P>0.05)。对照组患者根管填充致密度合格率低于观察组[68.52%(37/54)对85.71%(48/56)],且差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.630,P<0.05)。对照组3次复诊后的治愈率低于观察组[76.19%(32/42)对92.86%(39/42)],且差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.459,P<0.05)。 结论 联合使用CBCT与数字化根尖片作为RCT疗效的评估手段,对RCT根管填充长度及严密程度的评价更为准确,可有效改善患者的预后。 -
关键词:
- 锥束计算机体层摄影术 /
- 根管治疗 /
- 数字化根尖片
Abstract:Objective To explore the role of digital apical film combined with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the evaluation of curative effect and prognosis of root canal therapy (RCT). Methods The clinical data of 84 patients who underwent RCT, including 45 males and 39 females, aged (42.7±10.4) years, in Cangzhou People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into observation (n=42) and control (n=42) groups using the random number table method. Apical film was used to assist in the RCT of the control group, and apical film combined with CBCT scanning was used during the RCT of the observation group. A total of 54 teeth, including 11 maxillary first molars, and 12 maxillary second molars, 13 mandibular first molars, and 18 mandibular second molars were observed in the control group. A total of 56 teeth were detected in the observation group, exactly 13 maxillary first molars and 10 maxillary second molars were recorded, respectively, meanwhile, 14 and 19 mandibular first and second molars were identified, respectively. Proper filling rates and qualified rates of dense root canal filling of the maxillary first and second molars and mandibular first and second molars in two groups were compared by χ2 test. Results The control group showed lower proper filling rates of the maxillary first molars and mandibular second molars compared with the observation group (65.71%(23/35) vs. 88.10%(37/42), 68.29%(28/41) vs. 87.50%(42/48)), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=5.560, 4.858; both P<0.05). The control group also presented lower proper filling rates of maxillary second molars and mandibular first molars than the observation group (71.43% (25/35) vs. 85.71% (24/28), 74.00% (37/50) vs. 86.27% (44/51)), but the differences showed no statistical significance (χ2=1.837, 2.395; both P>0.05). A lower qualified rate of dense root canal filling was observed in the control group than that in the observation group (68.52% (37/54) vs. 85.71% (48/56)), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.630, P<0.05). The control group exhibited a lower cure rate after three revisits compared with the observation group (76.19% (32/42) vs. 92.86% (39/42)), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.459, P<0.05). Conclusions CBCT combined with digital apical film as evaluation methods for the curative effect of RCT, the evaluation of the length and severity of root canal filling of RCT becomes more accurate and can effectively improve the prognosis of patients. -
Key words:
- Cone-beam computed tomography /
- Root canal treatment /
- Digital apical film
-
[1] Adam M. 'Combined endo-perio lesions'-what is the best treatment[J]. Evid Based Dent, 2021, 22(4): 158−159. DOI: 10.1038/s41432-021-0230-y. [2] Lamira A, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Nicolielo LFP, et al. CBCT-based assessment of root canal treatment using micro-CT reference images[J]. Imaging Sci Dent, 2022, 52(3): 245−258. DOI: 10.5624/isd.20220019. [3] Meirinhos J, Martins JNR, Pereira B, et al. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and its association with previous root canal treatment, root canal filling length and type of coronal restoration–a cross-sectional study[J]. Int Endod J, 2020, 53(4): 573−584. DOI: 10.1111/iej.13256. [4] Yapp KE, Brennan P, Ekpo EU. Endodontic disease detection: digital periapical radiography versus cone-beam computed tomography-a systematic review[J]. J Med Imaging (Bellingham), 2021, 8(4): 041205. DOI: 10.1117/1.JMI.8.4.041205. [5] Quaresma SA, Da Costa RP, Ferreira Petean IB, et al. Root canal treatment of severely calcified teeth with use of cone-beam computed tomography as an intraoperative resource[J]. Iran Endod J, 2022, 17(1): 39−47. DOI: 10.22037/iej.v17i1.36153. [6] Chogle S, Zuaitar M, Sarkis R, et al. The recommendation of cone-beam computed tomography and its effect on endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning[J]. J Endod, 2020, 46(2): 162−168. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.10.034. [7] Setzer FC, Lee SM. Radiology in endodontics[J]. Dent Clin North Am, 2021, 65(3): 475−486. DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2021.02.004. [8] Mark AM. Dental X-rays[J]. J Am Dent Assoc, 2019, 150(7): 636. DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.05.002. [9] Pereira ABN, Almeida R, Artese F, et al. External root resorption evaluated by CBCT 3D models superimposition[J]. Dental Press J Orthod, 2022, 27(2): e2219315. DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.2.e2219315.oar. [10] Nasseh I, Al-Rawi W. Cone beam computed tomography[J]. Dent Clin North Am, 2018, 62(3): 361−391. DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2018.03.002. [11] Talabani RM. Assessment of root canal morphology of mandibular permanent anterior teeth in an Iraqi subpopulation by cone-beam computed tomography[J]. J Dent Sci, 2021, 16(4): 1182−1190. DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.02.010. [12] Chen LY, Liang X, Shen CY, et al. Synthetic CT generation from CBCT images via deep learning[J]. Med Phys, 2020, 47(4): 1115−1125. DOI: 10.1002/mp.13978. [13] Hyun CM, Bayaraa T, Yun HS, et al. Metal artifact reduction with intra-oral scan data for 3D low dose maxillofacial CBCT modeling[J]. 2022, 8(2): 1−13. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2202.03571. [14] Patel S, Durack C, Abella F, et al. European Society of Endodontology position statement: the use of CBCT in endodontics[J]. Int Endod J, 2014, 47(6): 502−504. DOI: 10.1111/iej.12267. [15] Brochado Martins JF, Guerreiro Viegas O, Cristescu R, et al. Outcome of selective root canal retreatment-a retrospective study[J]. Int Endod J, 2023, 56(3): 345−355. DOI: 10.1111/iej.13871. [16] Worthington HV, Khangura S, Seal K, et al. Direct composite resin fillings versus amalgam fillings for permanent posterior teeth[J/OL]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2021, 8(8): CD005620[2023-07-05]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407050/. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005620.pub3. [17] Krishnamurthy NH, Athira P, Umapathy T, et al. A CBCT study to evaluate the root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars in children[J]. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2022, 15(5): 509−513. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2441. [18] Alhablain EA, Durr-e-Sadaf, Ahmad MZ, et al. Quality of root canal therapy (RCT) performed by the undergraduate students at the Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)[J]. Med Forum, 2018, 29(6): 80−84.