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儿童卵巢扭转为少见且严重的小儿妇科急症,约占小儿急性腹痛全部病例的2.7%[1]。儿童卵巢扭转缺乏临床特异性,诊断较困难[2]。如延误治疗,后果严重[3]。因此,正确的诊断和治疗对于保留儿童卵巢及附件功能是非常重要的[4]。临床医师可根据患儿病史、体征、辅助检查等结果进行综合判断,目前诊断多依赖于影像学检查,优选超声检查,但其容易受到肠气、操作者经验和手法等诸多因素影响,明确诊断比较困难。MRI检查所需时间长、费用高,且对儿童镇静的条件有较高要求,临床应用相对较少。多层螺旋CT(mutislice spiral CT,MSCT)的优势在于成像速度快,多平面重建等图像后处理技术可清晰显示出解剖结构的细节,是诊断小儿卵巢扭转的重要方法之一。本研究回顾性分析30例卵巢扭转患儿的临床与影像资料,探讨MSCT的特征及其诊断价值,旨在提高小儿卵巢扭转诊断的准确率,最大程度地保留儿童卵巢功能和生育能力[5]。
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30例患儿按照单纯性卵巢扭转、卵巢囊肿合并扭转、卵巢畸胎瘤合并扭转排序,中位年龄分别为6.8、10.2、5.3岁。21例患儿以腹痛就诊,疼痛持续时间为3 h~15 d不等,12例为持续性腹痛、30例患儿均出现不同程度呕吐。其他具体临床表现见表1。
组别 临床表现 MSCT表现(例) 中位年龄
[M(Q1,Q3),岁]就诊症状 疼痛持续时间
[M(Q1,Q3),d]患侧卵巢肿大 子宫偏位 盆腔积液 合并钙化 混合密度肿物 单纯性卵巢扭转(n=9) 6.8(6.0,7.5) 腹痛、呕吐 4.5(3.0,7.5) 8 6 7 1 7 卵巢占位合并扭转 卵巢囊肿合并扭转(n=15) 10.2(9.2,12.0) 腹痛、呕吐 7.0(3.0,11.0) 13 11 11 1 13 卵巢畸胎瘤合并扭转(n=6) 5.3(2.8,7.0) 腹痛、呕吐 4.0(3.5,5.5) 6 3 5 6 6 注:MSCT为多层螺旋计算机体层摄影术 表 1 30例卵巢扭转患儿的临床表现和MSCT表现
Table 1. Clinical characteristics and multislice spiral CT findings of 30 children with ovarian torsion
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30例患儿经手术和免疫组织化学检查证实为单纯性卵巢扭转9例(图1)、卵巢囊肿合并扭转15例(图2)、卵巢畸胎瘤合并扭转6例(图3)。22例(73.3%,22/30)发生于右侧,8例(26.7%,8/30)发生于左侧。
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由表1可见,在30例患儿中,27例(90.0%)患侧卵巢均有不同程度肿大伴密度不均匀增高,8例(26.7%)伴有钙化,13例(43.3%)显示卵巢周边蜂窝状改变的增大滤泡, 12例(40.0%)出现周围脂肪间隙模糊,20例(66.7%)子宫不同程度向患侧卵巢移位,23例(76.7%)伴有盆腔少量积液。
MSCT 在儿童卵巢扭转中的诊断价值
The value of MSCT in diagnosis of ovarian torsion in children
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摘要:
目的 探究多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查在儿童卵巢扭转诊断中的应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年6月于天津市儿童医院经术后免疫组织化学检查确诊为卵巢扭转的30例女患儿的临床资料与影像资料,年龄2~12岁,中位年龄9.3岁。所有患儿均于术前行腹部MSCT检查,主要观察卵巢扭转后的大小、形态、密度以及子宫附件是否发生异常变化。术后行免疫组织化学检查。 结果 30例卵巢扭转患儿中,发生于右侧者22例(73.3%,22/30)、左侧者8例(26.7%,8/30);9例(30.0%,9/30)证实为单纯性卵巢扭转、21例(70.0%,21/30)合并占位性病变。MSCT检查结果显示,27例(90.0%,27/30)患侧卵巢均有不同程度肿大伴密度增高,8例(26.7%,8/30)伴有钙化,13例(43.3%,13/30)显示卵巢周边蜂窝状改变的增大滤泡,12例(40.0%,12/30)出现周围脂肪间隙模糊,20例(66.7%,20/30)子宫不同程度向患侧卵巢移位,23例(76.7%,23/30)伴有盆腔少量积液。 结论 MSCT可作为儿童卵巢扭转的重要辅助诊断手段,有助于提高卵巢扭转的检出率,为临床治疗提供参考依据。 -
关键词:
- 卵巢扭转 /
- 儿童 /
- 体层摄影术,螺旋计算机
Abstract:Objective To explore the value of multislice spiral CT (MSCT) in the diagnosis of ovarian torsion in children. Methods The clinical and imaging data of 30 female children with ovarian torsion confirmed by postoperative immunohistochemistry in Tianjin Children's Hospital from January 2014 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The children's age ranged from 2 years to 12 years, with a median age of 9.3 years. All children were examined via abdominal MSCT before operation to observe the size, shape, density, and abnormal changes in uterine appendages after ovarian torsion. Immunohistochemical examination was performed after operation. Results Among the 30 cases, ovarian torsion occurred on the right side in 22 cases (73.3%, 22/30) and on the left side in 8 cases (26.7%, 8/30). Nine cases (30.0%, 9/30) were confirmed as having simple ovarian torsion, and 21 cases (70.0%, 21/30) were complicated with space-occupying lesions. The MCST results showed that 27 cases (90.0%, 27/30) of the affected ovaries had different degrees of enlargement with increased density, 8 cases (26.7%, 8/30) had calcification, and 13 cases (43.3%, 13/30) showed enlarged follicles with honeycomb changes around the ovaries. Meanwhile, 12 cases (40.0%, 12/30) showed blurred peripheral fat space, 20 cases (66.7%, 20/30) had different degrees of uterine displacement to the affected ovary, and 23 cases (76.7%, 23/30) had a small amount of accumulated pelvic fluid. Conclusions MSCT can be used as an important auxiliary diagnostic tool for ovarian torsion in children. It can help improve the detection rate of ovarian torsion and provide a reference for clinical treatment. -
Key words:
- Ovarian torsion /
- Children /
- Tomography, spiral computed
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表 1 30例卵巢扭转患儿的临床表现和MSCT表现
Table 1. Clinical characteristics and multislice spiral CT findings of 30 children with ovarian torsion
组别 临床表现 MSCT表现(例) 中位年龄
[M(Q1,Q3),岁]就诊症状 疼痛持续时间
[M(Q1,Q3),d]患侧卵巢肿大 子宫偏位 盆腔积液 合并钙化 混合密度肿物 单纯性卵巢扭转(n=9) 6.8(6.0,7.5) 腹痛、呕吐 4.5(3.0,7.5) 8 6 7 1 7 卵巢占位合并扭转 卵巢囊肿合并扭转(n=15) 10.2(9.2,12.0) 腹痛、呕吐 7.0(3.0,11.0) 13 11 11 1 13 卵巢畸胎瘤合并扭转(n=6) 5.3(2.8,7.0) 腹痛、呕吐 4.0(3.5,5.5) 6 3 5 6 6 注:MSCT为多层螺旋计算机体层摄影术 -
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