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阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,其表现是认知功能和日常活动障碍。AD的特征性组织病理学变化包括β淀粉样蛋白(beta amyloid protein,Aβ)沉积形成的老年斑、Tau蛋白聚集形成的神经原纤维缠结和广泛的神经元丢失[1]。随着老龄化社会的到来,越来越多的老年人被诊断为AD。2020年全世界AD患者数达到了1200万,预计到2030年将增加至2000万,到2050年将达到1.2亿[2]。AD分为AD临床前阶段、AD源性轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)和AD痴呆3个阶段。据报道,MCI 5年内转变成AD痴呆的风险高于50%[3]。目前常用的治疗AD的药物有美金刚和多奈哌齐,但药物治疗也只能起到延缓病情、改善症状的作用,并不能根治此病。因此,早诊断、早干预尤为重要,若在临床症状出现前就识别AD,还能实现逆转病情的良好结局。目前影像技术在AD早期诊断中的应用越来越广泛,我们重点从结构性MRI、功能性MRI和PET显像在AD早期诊断中的应用进行综述。
MRI和PET显像在阿尔茨海默病早期诊断中的应用
Application of MRI and PET imaging in early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease
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摘要: 阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种最常见的进行性神经退行性疾病,严重威胁患者的生命和健康,早期诊断和干预可以减缓甚至逆转该疾病的病情进展。目前,MRI和PET显像已被应用于AD的诊断,其在AD的早期诊断方面均有独特的优势。笔者重点介绍了结构性MRI、功能性MRI和PET显像在AD早期诊断中的应用。
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关键词:
- 阿尔茨海默病 /
- 磁共振成像 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术
Abstract: Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases, which seriously threatens the life and health of patients. Early diagnosis and intervention can slow down or even reverse the progression of the disease. At present, MRI and PET imaging have been applied in the diagnosis of AD, which have unique advantages in the early diagnosis of AD. The authors focus on the application of structural MRI, functional MRI and PET imaging in the early diagnosis of AD. -
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