-
甲状旁腺功能亢进症(hyperparathyroidism,HPT)是因甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)分泌过多而引起的一系列临床综合征。HPT在临床上被分为原发性HPT(primary HPT,PHPT)、继发性HPT(secondary HPT,SHPT)和三发性HPT,前2种较常见[1]。引起PHPT的常见疾病的病理类型是甲状旁腺腺瘤(85%),其次是多发性腺瘤 (15%~20%)和甲状旁腺增生 (<15%),而甲状旁腺癌(原发和转移)较罕见[2]。使用多种无创显像技术(如超声、MRI、放射性核素显像等)对功能亢进的甲状旁腺腺体进行准确的术前定位和定性是手术治疗HPT的先决条件[3]。近年来,新型放射性核素[如18F-甲基胆碱(18F-fluoromethyl choline,18F-FCH)]及核素显像设备(如PET、MRI)的发展进一步提高了功能显像对甲状旁腺术前定位的诊断效能[4]。基于此,笔者将对不同类型核医学显像方法及显像剂在HPT患者中的应用进展进行综述,以期为该疾病的术前诊断提供参考。
放射性核素显像在甲状旁腺功能亢进症诊断中的研究进展
Advances of radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism
-
摘要: 甲状旁腺功能亢进症(HPT)是一种因甲状旁腺激素分泌过多而引起钙磷代谢紊乱的多系统疾病,手术是其常规且最有效的治疗方法,术前对病灶的精准定位和定性对于提高手术成功率十分关键。大多数研究结果表明,放射性核素显像在术前甲状旁腺定位诊断中起着重要作用,尤其是新型显像剂(如18F-甲基胆碱)有着良好的发展前景。笔者总结了SPECT、PET显像及不同放射性显像剂在HPT术前影像诊断中的研究进展。
-
关键词:
- 甲状旁腺功能亢进症 /
- 放射性核素显像 /
- 99m锝甲氧基异丁基异腈 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,发射型计算机,单光子 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机
Abstract: Hyperparathyroidism is a metabolism disorder of calcium and phosphorus caused by excessive parathyroid hormone. Surgery is a conventional and most effective treatment method. Accurate preoperative localization and characterization are very critical for successful parathyroidectomy. Most studies have shown that radionuclide imaging plays an important role in preoperative parathyroid localization diagnosis. In particular, new imaging agents (such as 18F-fluoromethyl choline) have good development prospects. This article summarizes the research progress of parathyroid SPECT and PET imaging and different radioactive imaging tracers in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. -
[1] Lee SW, Shim SR, Jeong SY, et al. Direct comparison of preoperative imaging modalities for localization of primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2021, 147(8): 692−706. DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.0915. [2] Cetani F, Marcocci C, Torregrossa L, et al. Atypical parathyroid adenomas: challenging lesions in the differential diagnosis of endocrine tumors[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2019, 26(7): R441−R464. DOI: 10.1530/ERC-19-0135. [3] Dekorsy FJ, Beyer L, Spitzweg C, et al. Preoperative imaging with [18F]-fluorocholine PET/CT in primary hyperparathyroidism[J/OL]. J Clin Med, 2022, 11(10): 2944[2022-10-31]. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/10/2944. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102944. [4] Ovčariček PP, Giovanella L, Hindie E, et al. An essential practice summary of the new EANM guidelines for parathyroid imaging[J]. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2022, 66(2): 93−103. DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03427-6. [5] Prabhu M, Damle NA. Fluorocholine PET imaging of parathyroid disease[J]. Indian J Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 22(4): 535−541. DOI: 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_707_17. [6] Colella AC, Pigorini F. Experience with parathyroid scintigraphy[J]. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med, 1970, 109(4): 714−723. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.109.4.714. [7] Arkles LB. Experience in parathyroid scanning[J]. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med, 1975, 125(3): 634−639. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.125.3.634. [8] Ferlin G, Borsato N, Camerani M, et al. New perspectives in localizing enlarged parathyroids by technetium-thallium subtraction scan[J]. J Nucl Med, 1983, 24(5): 438−441. [9] Elgazzar AH, Anim JT, Dannoon SF, et al. Ultrastructure of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands: does it explain various patterns of 99mTc-sestamibi uptake[J]. World J Nucl Med, 2017, 16(2): 145−149. DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.203073. [10] Ali L, Loutfi I, Biswas G, et al. Improved delineation of parathyroid lesions in patients with chronic renal failure using magnified pinhole imaging[J]. J Nucl Med Technol, 2011, 39(1): 35−39. DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.110.076984. [11] Anderson H, Lim KH, Simpson D, et al. Correlation between biochemical features and outcomes of preoperative imaging (SPECT-CT and Ultrasound) in primary hyperparathyroidism[J]. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar), 2021, 17(3): 323−330. DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.323. [12] Yildiz R, Şan H, Alagöz E. Diagnostic performances of 18f-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography and repeated ultrasonography in detecting undefined lesions in patients with an indication for primary hyperparathyroidism surgery[J]. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar), 2022, 18(3): 316−323. DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.316. [13] Novodvorsky P, Hussein Z, Arshad MF, et al. Two cases of spontaneous remission of primary hyperparathyroidism due to auto-infarction: different management and their outcomes[J/OL]. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep, 2019, 2019(1): 18−0136[2022-10-31]. https://edm.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/edm/2019/1/EDM18-0136.xml. DOI: 10.1530/EDM-18-0136. [14] 郑玉婷, 池晓华, 齐永帅, 等. 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT显像结合半定量分析在甲状旁腺功能亢进症中的诊断价值及影响因素[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2021, 41(10): 1577−1582. DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.10.18.
Zheng YT, Chi XH, Qi YS, et al. Preoperative diagnostic value of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT imaging combined with semi-quantitative analysis in hyperparathyroidism and factors affecting its efficacy[J]. J Southern Med Univ, 2021, 41(10): 1577−1582. DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.10.18.[15] Takebayashi S, Hidai H, Chiba T, et al. Hyperfunctional parathyroid glands with 99mTc-MIBI scan: semiquantitative analysis correlated with histologic findings[J]. J Nucl Med, 1999, 40(11): 1792−1797. [16] Lomonte C, Buonvino N, Selvaggiolo M, et al. Sestamibi scintigraphy, topography, and histopathology of parathyroid glands in secondary hyperparathyroidism[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2006, 48(4): 638−644. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.010. [17] Ovčariček PP, Giovanella L, Gasset IC, et al. The EANM practice guidelines for parathyroid imaging[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2021, 48(9): 2801−2822. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05334-y. [18] Hiromatsu Y, Ishibashi M, Nishida H, et al. Technetium-99m tetrofosmin parathyroid imaging in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism[J]. Intern Med, 2000, 39(2): 101−106. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.39.101. [19] Botushanova AD, Botushanov NP, Yaneva MP. Nuclear medicine methods for evaluation of abnormal parathyroid glands in patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism[J]. Folia Med (Plovdiv), 2017, 59(4): 396−404. DOI: 10.1515/folmed-2017-0054. [20] Morris MA, Saboury B, Ahlman M, et al. Parathyroid imaging: past, present, and future[J/OL]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2022, 12: 760419[2022-10-31]. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.760419/full. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.760419. [21] Ishii S, Sugawara S, Yaginuma Y, et al. Causes of false negatives in technetium-99 m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy for hyperparathyroidism: influence of size and cysts in parathyroid lesions[J]. Ann Nucl Med, 2020, 34(12): 892−898. DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01520-4. [22] 刘斌, 李玉琴, 黄蕊, 等. 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT及颈部超声在原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症术前诊断中的应用[J]. 分子影像学杂志, 2022, 45(4): 595−598. DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1674-4500.2022.04.24.
Liu B, Li YQ, Huang R, et al. Application of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT and neck ultrasound in the preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism[J]. J Mol Imaging, 2022, 45(4): 595−598. DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1674-4500.2022.04.24.[23] 张莹莹, 韩娜, 武凤玉, 等. 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT显像在原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症术前诊断中的价值及影响因素[J]. 中华核医学与分子影像杂志, 2021, 41(6): 345−349. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn321828-20200408-00142.
Zhang YY, Han N, Wu FY, et al. Value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT imaging in preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism and its influencing factors[J]. Chin J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2021, 41(6): 345−349. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn321828-20200408-00142.[24] 曹景佳, 李亚明. SPECT/CT双时相联合减影技术诊断甲状旁腺功能亢进症的增益价值[J]. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 2018, 42(3): 201−206. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2018.03.002.
Cao JJ, Li YM. Incremental value of SPECT/CT fusion imaging with dual-phase and dual-tracer technique in the diagnostic localization of parathyroid lesions in patients with hyperparathyroidism[J]. Int J Radiat Med Nucl Med, 2018, 42(3): 201−206. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2018.03.002.[25] Gambhir SS, Berman DS, Ziffer J, et al. A novel high-sensitivity rapid-acquisition single-photon cardiac imaging camera[J]. J Nucl Med, 2009, 50(4): 635−643. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.060020. [26] Miyazaki Y, Kato Y, Imoto A, et al. Imaging of the thyroid and parathyroid using a cardiac cadmium-zinc-telluride camera: phantom studies[J]. J Nucl Med Technol, 2018, 46(1): 39−44. DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.199042. [27] Treglia G, Piccardo A, Imperiale A, et al. Diagnostic performance of choline PET for detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2019, 46(3): 751−765. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4123-z. [28] Miller JA, Gundara J, Harper S, et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism in adults-(Part Ⅱ) surgical management and postoperative follow-up: position statement of the Endocrine Society of Australia, The Australian & New Zealand endocrine surgeons, and The Australian & New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2021. DOI: 10.1111/cen.14650. [29] Latge A, Riehm S, Vix M, et al. 18F-fluorocholine PET and 4D-CT in patients with persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism[J/OL]. Diagnostics (Basel), 2021, 11(12): 2384[2022-10-31]. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/12/2384. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122384. [30] Thanseer N, Bhadada SK, Sood A, et al. Comparative effectiveness of ultrasonography, 99mTc-sestamibi, and 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in detecting parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2017, 42(12): e491−e497. DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000001845. [31] Boudousq V, Guignard N, Gilly O, et al. Diagnostic performance of cervical ultrasound, 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy, and contrast-enhanced 18F-fluorocholine PET in primary hyperparathyroidism[J]. J Nucl Med, 2022, 63(7): 1081−1086. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.261900. [32] Kluijfhout WP, Pasternak JD, Drake FT, et al. Use of PET tracers for parathyroid localization: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2016, 401(7): 925−935. DOI: 10.1007/s00423-016-1425-0. [33] Kim SS, Jeon YK, Lee SH, et al. Distant subcutaneous recurrence of a parathyroid carcinoma: abnormal uptakes in the 99mTc-sestamibi scan and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging[J]. Korean J Intern Med, 2014, 29(3): 383−387. DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2014.29.3.383. [34] Lange-Nolde A, Zajic T, Slawik M, et al. PET with 18F-DOPA in the imaging of parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. A pilot study[J]. Nuklearmedizin, 2006, 45(5): 193−196. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1625218. [35] Caldarella C, Treglia G, Isgrò MA, et al. Diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography using 11C-methionine in patients with suspected parathyroid adenoma: a meta-analysis[J]. Endocrine, 2013, 43(1): 78−83. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9746-4. [36] Zarei A, Karthik S, Chowdhury FU, et al. Multimodality imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism[J]. Clin Radiol, 2022, 77(6): e401−e416. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.02.018. [37] Krakauer M, Kjaer A, Bennedbæk FN. 18F-FET-PET in primary hyperparathyroidism: a pilot study[J/OL]. Diagnostics (Basel), 2016, 6(3): 30[2022-10-31]. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/6/3/30. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics6030030. [38] Berman DS, Maddahi J, Tamarappoo BK, et al. Phase Ⅱ safety and clinical comparison with single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of coronary artery disease: flurpiridaz F 18 positron emission tomography[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2013, 61(4): 469−477. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.022. [39] Pees A, Beaino W, Kooijman EJM, et al. Synthesis and evaluation of [18F]cinacalcet for the imaging of parathyroid hyperplasia[J]. Nucl Med Biol, 2021, 102−103: 97−105. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.10.003. [40] Cuderman A, Senica K, Rep S, et al. 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in primary hyperparathyroidism: superior diagnostic performance to conventional scintigraphic imaging for localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands[J]. J Nucl Med, 2020, 61(4): 577−583. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229914. [41] Beheshti M, Taimen P, Kemppainen J, et al. Value of 68Ga-labeled bombesin antagonist (RM2) in the detection of primary prostate cancer comparing with [18F]fluoromethylcholine PET-CT and multiparametric MRI−a phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ study[J]. Eur Radiol, 2023, 33(1): 472−482. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08982-2. [42] Grimaldi S, Young J, Kamenicky P, et al. Challenging pre-surgical localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism: the added value of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2018, 45(10): 1772−1780. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4018-z. [43] Piccardo A, Trimboli P, Rutigliani M, et al. Additional value of integrated 18F-choline PET/4D contrast-enhanced CT in the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands and correlation with molecular profile[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2019, 46(3): 766−775. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4147-4. [44] Dudoignon D, Delbot T, Cottereau AS, et al. 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT and conventional imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism[J/OL]. Diagn Interv Imaging, 2022, 103(5): 258−265[2022-10-31]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211568421002825?via%3Dihub. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2021.12.005. [45] Seifert P, Greiser J, Winkens T, et al. Ectopic retrolaryngeal parathyroid adenoma detected by 18F-ethylcholine PET/US fusion imaging[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2022, 47(2): 182−184. DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000003865. [46] Bauer JL, Toluie S, Thompson LDR. Metastases to the parathyroid glands: a comprehensive literature review of 127 reported cases[J]. Head Neck Pathol, 2018, 12(4): 534−541. DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0850-x. [47] Ito Y, Kakudo K, Hirokawa M, et al. Clinical significance of extrathyroid extension to the parathyroid gland of papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Endocr J, 2009, 56(2): 251−255. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k08e-297. [48] Huber GF, Hüllner M, Schmid C, et al. Benefit of 18F-fluorocholine PET imaging in parathyroid surgery[J]. Eur Radiol, 2018, 28(6): 2700−2707. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5190-4. [49] Argirò R, Diacinti D, Sacconi B, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 3T magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative localisation of parathyroid adenomas: comparison with ultrasound and 99mTc-sestamibi scans[J]. Eur Radiol, 2018, 28(11): 4900−4908. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5437-8. [50] Araz M, Nak D, Soydal Ç, et al. Detectability of 18F-choline PET/MR in primary hyperparathyroidism[J]. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2022, 279(5): 2583−2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07046-3. [51] Kluijfhout WP, Pasternak JD, Gosnell JE, et al. 18F fluorocholine PET/MR imaging in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and inconclusive conventional imaging: a prospective pilot study[J]. Radiology, 2017, 284(2): 460−467. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016160768.
计量
- 文章访问数: 4315
- HTML全文浏览量: 4053
- PDF下载量: 27