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肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)是反映肾小球滤过功能的重要指标,其较血清肌酐、血尿素氮、胱抑素C的灵敏度高,在各种肾脏疾病的诊断、监测疾病的发展、评估治疗效果和预后等方面具有重要的临床价值,被认为是评估肾功能的“金标准”[1],尤其在肾移植前、后对分肾功能的评估,是确保肾移植成功的关键。
菊粉或51Cr-乙二胺四乙酸清除率是计算GFR的“金标准”[2-3],但操作复杂,需多次采血等,难以在临床实践中推广应用。99Tcm-DTPA的生物学性质类似于菊粉,其清除率与51Cr-乙二胺四乙酸清除率的相关性较佳[4]。99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像是唯一可以定量检测总肾及分肾GFR的方法,其准确率对肾移植的成功具有重要意义,并对肾移植供者分肾的GFR有严格要求 [5]。临床中发现对同一位受检者使用不同型号的SPECT/CT 行99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像时,计算得出的GFR有可能不同,其原因可能是受到肾脏深度的影响[6]。为了更好地保证活体肾移植供者的安全,并使肾移植受体获得良好的治疗效果,本研究以健康的肾移植供者为研究对象,以CT实测肾脏深度相对应的GFR为参考标准,分别对使用美国GE公司的Discovery NM/CT 670 pro 型SPECT/CT及德国Siemens公司Symbia T16 型SPECT/CT采用的Tønnesen公式[7]及Itoh公式[8]计算的肾脏深度及相对应的GFR进行对比分析,明确不同肾脏深度估算公式校正SPECT/CT肾动态显像对计算活体肾移植供者GFR的影响,进而提高活体肾移植的成功率。
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由表1可知,CT实测左、右肾脏深度明显大于Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算的左、右肾脏深度,且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);Tønnesen公式计算的左、右肾脏深度小于Itoh公式,且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。
计算方法 左肾深度 右肾深度 CT实测 7.03(6.34,7.67) 7.21(6.51,8.13) Tønnesen公式 5.66(5.30,6.06)a 5.70(5.33,6.10)a Itoh公式 6.70(6.33,7.10)ab 6.88(6.52,7.26)ab 注:a 表示与CT实测左、右肾脏深度相比,差异均有统计学意义(左肾:Z=−9.53、−3.77,均P<0.001;右肾:Z=−9.73、−4.64,均P<0.001); b表示与Tønnesen公式计算的左、右肾脏深度相比,差异均有统计学意义(Z=−10.00、−9.83,均P<0.001)。CT为计算机体层摄影术 表 1 127名健康肾移植供者CT实测左、右肾脏深度与Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算的左、右肾脏深度的比较 [M(Q1,Q3),cm]
Table 1. Comparison between CT measurement and Tønnesen formula, Itoh formula to calculated left and right kidney depth in 127 healthy kidney transplant donors[M(Q1, Q3), cm]
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由图1可知,CT实测左、右肾脏深度与Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算的左、右肾脏深度具有正相关性(r=0.330~0.359,均P<0.001)。
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由表2可知, CT实测肾脏深度相对应的左、右肾GFR的正常参考范围分别为45.95~49.81 ml/min、46.53~50.60 ml/min;Tønnesen公式计算的肾脏深度相对应的左、右肾GFR的正常参考范围分别为45.78~48.92 ml/min、45.74~48.82 ml/min;Itoh公式计算的肾脏深度相对应的左、右肾GFR的正常参考范围分别为41.88~44.82 ml/min、43.36~46.27 ml/min。
计算方法 左肾GFR[M(Q1,Q3)] 右肾GFR[M(Q1,Q3)] 95%CI 左肾 右肾 CT实测 46.4(39.9,52.0) 46.0(40.5,54.9) 45.95~49.81 46.53~50.60 Tønnesen公式 36.6(33.0,41.9)a 36.2(32.1,40.1)a 45.78~48.92 45.74~48.82 Itoh公式 43.2(39.4,49.8)ab 43.8(39.4,48.7)ab 41.88~44.82 43.36~46.27 注:a 表示与CT实测肾脏深度相对应的左、右肾GFR相比,差异均有统计学意义(左肾:Z=−9.52、−3.76,均P<0.001;右肾:Z=−9.73、−4.75,均P<0.001); b表示与Tønnesen公式计算的肾脏深度相对应的左、右肾GFR相比,差异均有统计学意义(Z=−9.78、−9.78,均P<0.001)。CT为计算机体层摄影术;GFR为肾小球滤过率;CI 为置信区间 表 2 127名健康肾移植供者CT实测肾脏深度与Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算肾脏深度相对应的GFR间的比较(ml/min)
Table 2. Comparison of glomerular filtration rate measured by CT and calculated by Tønnesen formula and Itoh formula in 127 healthy kidney transplant donors (ml/min)
CT实测肾脏深度相对应的左、右肾GFR大于Tønnesen公式和Itoh公式计算的左、右肾GFR,且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。Tønnesen公式计算的左、右肾GFR小于Itoh公式,且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。
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由图2可知,CT实测肾脏深度与Tønnesen公式及Itoh公式计算的肾脏深度相对应的GFR具有正相关性(均P<0.001)。
不同肾脏深度估算公式校正SPECT/CT肾动态显像对计算活体肾移植供者GFR的影响
Effect of different kidney depth estimation formulas modified SPECT/CT renal dynamic imaging on the calculation of GFR in living kidney transplant donors
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摘要:
目的 探讨不同肾脏深度估算公式校正SPECT/CT肾动态显像对计算活体肾移植供者肾小球滤过率(GFR)的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2011年10月至2017年12月于西安交通大学第一附属医院术前行99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)肾动态显像的127名健康肾移植供者的临床资料,其中男性36名、女性91名,年龄(49.2±7.3)岁。以CT实测肾脏深度相对应的GFR为参考标准,分别对Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算的肾脏深度及相对应的GFR进行对比研究。不符合正态分布的计量资料以M(Q1,Q2)表示,各公式计算的肾脏深度间的比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;采用Spearman相关性分析法及线性回归分析法分析各公式计算的肾脏深度及相对应的左、右肾GFR间的相关性。 结果 127名健康肾移植供者的CT实测左、右肾脏深度[7.03(6.34,7.67) cm、7.21(6.51,8.13) cm]明显大于Tønnesen公式和Itoh公式计算的左、右肾脏深度[5.66(5.30,6.06) cm、5.70(5.33,6.10) cm]和[6.70(6.33,7.10) cm、6.88(6.52,7.26) cm],且差异均有统计学意义(左肾:Z=−9.53、−3.77,均P<0.001;右肾:Z=−9.73、−4.64,均P<0.001);CT实测左、右肾脏深度与Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算的左、右肾脏深度具有正相关性(左肾:r=0.330、0.331,均P<0.001;右肾:r=0.359、0.358,均P<0.001)。CT实测左、右肾脏深度相对应的GFR[46.4(39.9,52.0) ml/min、46.0(40.5,54.9) ml/min]大于Tønnesen公式和Itoh公式计算的左、右肾脏深度相对应的GFR[36.6(33.0,41.9) ml/min、36.2(32.1,40.1) ml/min]和[43.2(39.4,49.8) ml/min、43.8(39.4,48.7) ml/min],且差异均有统计学意义(左肾:Z=−9.52、−3.76,均P<0.001;右肾:Z=−9.73、−4.75,均P<0.001);CT实测肾脏深度与Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算的肾脏深度相对应的GFR具有正相关性(左肾:r=0.476、0.476,均P<0.001;右肾:r=0.386、0.539,均P<0.001)。 结论 Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算的肾脏深度相对应的GFR适用于常规肾脏疾病的筛查及评估;对肾脏GFR要求更为严格的肾移植供体者,应以CT实测肾脏深度校正SPECT/CT计算GFR。 -
关键词:
- 肾小球滤过率 /
- 肾动态显像 /
- 体层摄影术,发射型计算机,单光子 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- Gates'分析法 /
- 肾脏深度
Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of different kidney depth estimation formulas modified using SPECT/CT renal dynamic imaging on the calculation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in living kidney transplant donors. Methods The clinical data of 127 healthy kidney transplant donors who underwent preoperative 99Tcm-diethylene triamine pentoacetic acid (DTPA) renal dynamic imaging in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Included 36 males and 91 females, aged (49.2±7.3) years. The computed GFR of kidney depth measured via CT was adopted as the standard reference standard. The Tønnesen and Itoh formulas were used to calculate kidney depth and the corresponding GFR and then compare them with the CT results. The measurement data that did not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as M (Q1, Q2), and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare between the renal depth calculated by each formula. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between renal depth and the corresponding GFR of lelf and right kidney by each formula. Results The depth of the left and right kidneys from 127 healthy kidney transplant donors measured via CT [7.03(6.34, 7.67) cm, 7.21(6.51, 8.13) cm] was significantly higher than those obtained using the Tønnesen formula [5.66(5.30, 6.06) cm, 5.70(5.33, 6.10) cm] and the Itoh formula [6.70(6.33, 7.10) cm, 6.88(6.52, 7.26) cm], and the differences were statistically significant (left kidney: Z=−9.53, −3.77, both P<0.001; right kidney: Z=−9.73, −4.64, both P<0.001). The renal depth measured via CT was positively correlated with the renal depth calculated using the Tønnesen and Itoh formulas (left kidney: r=0.330, 0.331, both P<0.001; right kidney: r=0.359, 0.358, both P<0.001). The GFR of left and right kidneys that corresponded to the renal depth measured via CT [46.4(39.9, 52.0) ml/min, 46.0(40.5, 54.9) ml/min] was higher than those obtained using the Tønnesen formula [36.6(33.0, 41.9) ml/min, 36.2(32.1, 40.1) ml/min] and the Itoh formula [43.2 (39.4, 49.8) ml/min, 43.8 (39.4, 48.7) ml/min], and the differences were statistically significant (left kidney: Z=−9.52, −3.76, both P<0.001; right kidney: Z=−9.73, −4.75, both P<0.001). The CT measurement was positively correlated with the GFR values that corresponded to kidney depth estimates obtained using the Tønnesen and Itoh formulas (left kidney: r=0.476, 0.476, both P<0.001; right kidney: r=0.386, 0.539, both P<0.001). Conclusions The GFR calculated using the Tønnesen and Itoh formulas are suitable for the routine screening and evaluation of kidney diseases. For kidney transplant donors with more stringent requirements for renal GFR, kidney depth measured via CT should be used to correct the GFR calculated using SPECT/CT. -
表 1 127名健康肾移植供者CT实测左、右肾脏深度与Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算的左、右肾脏深度的比较 [M(Q1,Q3),cm]
Table 1. Comparison between CT measurement and Tønnesen formula, Itoh formula to calculated left and right kidney depth in 127 healthy kidney transplant donors[M(Q1, Q3), cm]
计算方法 左肾深度 右肾深度 CT实测 7.03(6.34,7.67) 7.21(6.51,8.13) Tønnesen公式 5.66(5.30,6.06)a 5.70(5.33,6.10)a Itoh公式 6.70(6.33,7.10)ab 6.88(6.52,7.26)ab 注:a 表示与CT实测左、右肾脏深度相比,差异均有统计学意义(左肾:Z=−9.53、−3.77,均P<0.001;右肾:Z=−9.73、−4.64,均P<0.001); b表示与Tønnesen公式计算的左、右肾脏深度相比,差异均有统计学意义(Z=−10.00、−9.83,均P<0.001)。CT为计算机体层摄影术 表 2 127名健康肾移植供者CT实测肾脏深度与Tønnesen公式、Itoh公式计算肾脏深度相对应的GFR间的比较(ml/min)
Table 2. Comparison of glomerular filtration rate measured by CT and calculated by Tønnesen formula and Itoh formula in 127 healthy kidney transplant donors (ml/min)
计算方法 左肾GFR[M(Q1,Q3)] 右肾GFR[M(Q1,Q3)] 95%CI 左肾 右肾 CT实测 46.4(39.9,52.0) 46.0(40.5,54.9) 45.95~49.81 46.53~50.60 Tønnesen公式 36.6(33.0,41.9)a 36.2(32.1,40.1)a 45.78~48.92 45.74~48.82 Itoh公式 43.2(39.4,49.8)ab 43.8(39.4,48.7)ab 41.88~44.82 43.36~46.27 注:a 表示与CT实测肾脏深度相对应的左、右肾GFR相比,差异均有统计学意义(左肾:Z=−9.52、−3.76,均P<0.001;右肾:Z=−9.73、−4.75,均P<0.001); b表示与Tønnesen公式计算的肾脏深度相对应的左、右肾GFR相比,差异均有统计学意义(Z=−9.78、−9.78,均P<0.001)。CT为计算机体层摄影术;GFR为肾小球滤过率;CI 为置信区间 -
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