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目前,放疗已成为治疗恶性肿瘤的重要方法[1]。放疗过程中产生的放射生物学效应不仅局限于肿瘤细胞,正常组织也不可避免地会受到辐照,导致旁细胞发生相似的生物学效应[2]。辐射旁效应(radiation bystander effect, RIBE)的研究方法包括体内和体外2种;其发生机制可通过辐照细胞和旁细胞之间的直接接触,由间隙连接细胞间通讯(gap junctional intercellular communication,GJIC) 传递,或由外泌体、可溶性的损伤信号或应激信号(如活性氧、NO、细胞因子等) 通过被动扩散与旁细胞或质膜上的受体相互作用[2]。笔者就RIBE的研究方法及发生机制进行综述。
辐射旁效应的发生机制及其研究进展
Mechanism and research progress of radiation bystander effect
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摘要: 深入了解放射生物学理论对于辐射影响的研究至关重要。辐射旁效应(RIBE)自被发现以来就成为了放射生物学领域的研究热点,辐射对靶向和非靶向细胞、组织、器官的直接和间接作用影响着放射治疗恶性肿瘤的进程和结局。截至目前,大量体内外实验研究揭示了RIBE的发生机制,辐照产生的外源性介质迁移到旁组织或细胞中,刺激各种信号通路的激活,导致了免疫及炎症反应、表观遗传调节和辐射的致癌转化。笔者就RIBE及其发生机制的研究现状进行综述,以期为辐射防护新药的开发及放疗疗效的提高提供一定的理论基础。Abstract: A deep understanding of radiobiology theory is essential for studying the effects of radiation. Radiation bystander effect (RIBE) has become a research hotspot in the field of radiobiology since its discovery. The direct and indirect effects of radiation on targeted and non-targeted cells, tissues, and organs profoundly affect the progress and outcome of radiotherapy for malignant tumors. Up to now, a large number of experimental studies have been conducted in vitro and in vivo to reveal the mechanism of RIBE. The exogenous mediators generated by radiation migrate into the adjacent tissues or cells, stimulating the activation of various signaling pathways, leading to immune and inflammatory responses, epigenetic regulation, and radiation-induced carcinogenic transformation. This paper reviews the research status and mechanism of RIBE in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs for radiation protection and improvement of radiotherapy efficacy.
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Key words:
- Radiation bystander effect /
- Mechanism
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