-
131I是一种β衰变的放射性同位素,可释放β射线(99%)和γ射线(1%)[1]。前者射程短、穿透力弱,后者射程长、穿透力强。由于甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞具有摄碘功能,因此131I被广泛应用于各种甲状腺疾病的治疗(发挥作用的主要是β射线),如原发性甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)的治疗和DTC术后的清甲、清灶治疗[2]。在131I治疗甲状腺疾病的过程中,131I可对其他组织或器官造成影响,引起颈部肿胀、咽部不适、味觉改变、唾液腺损伤、龋齿、鼻泪管阻塞、胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制、白血病、继发性肿瘤、泌尿道损伤、肾功能异常等。部分不良反应与这些组织或器官存在钠碘转运体表达及轻度碘摄取有关[2-7]。关于131I治疗是否会影响甲状旁腺功能尚存争议。目前未见甲状旁腺细胞中是否存在钠碘转运体表达的相关报道。部分学者认为,甲状旁腺细胞不具备摄碘能力,131I治疗不会对其功能造成影响[8];而另一些学者认为,由于解剖部位毗邻,131I治疗可能通过对邻近细胞的非靶向电离辐射效应(即“旁观者效应”)引起甲状旁腺的功能改变[9]。本文对131I治疗甲状腺疾病是否对甲状旁腺功能造成影响作一综述,为开展进一步的深入研究奠定基础。
131I治疗甲状腺疾病对甲状旁腺功能的影响
Effect of 131I therapy on parathyroid function in thyroid diseases
-
摘要: 131I常用于甲状腺疾病的治疗,但其是否会引起与甲状腺毗邻的甲状旁腺的功能改变尚存争议。目前,部分研究结果显示131I治疗会增加甲状旁腺腺瘤的发生、引起甲状旁腺功能改变,但也有研究结果显示131I治疗对甲状旁腺功能无明显影响。笔者对既往131I治疗与甲状旁腺疾病相关性的研究进行综述,对相关研究的不足之处进行分析,为进一步开展更加深入的研究奠定基础。Abstract: 131I is commonly used in the treatment of thyroid diseases, but there is no unified conclusion whether radiation will cause changes in the function of adjacent parathyroid gland. Some studies have shown that 131I therapy will increase the risk of parathyroid adenoma and cause changes in parathyroid gland function, but other studies have shown that 131I therapy will not affect parathyroid gland function. This article reviews the previous studies on the correlation between 131I therapy and parathyroid diseases, and analyzes the shortcomings of the relevant literatures to provide a basis for further research.
-
Key words:
- Iodine radioisotopes /
- Thyroid diseases /
- Parathyroid glands /
- Radiotherapy
-
[1] Rasmuson T, Tavelin B. Risk of parathyroid adenomas in patients with thyrotoxicosis exposed to radioactive iodine[J]. Acta Oncol, 2006, 45(8): 1059−1061. DOI: 10.1080/02841860500516618. [2] Orloff LA, Wiseman SM, Bernet VJ, et al. American thyroid association statement on postoperative hypoparathyroidism: diagnosis, prevention, and management in adults[J]. Thyroid, 2018, 28(7): 830−841. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0309. [3] Thomusch O, Machens A, Sekulla C, et al. The impact of surgical technique on postoperative hypoparathyroidism in bilateral thyroid surgery: a multivariate analysis of 5846 consecutive patients[J]. Surgery, 2003, 133(2): 180−185. DOI: 10.1067/msy.2003.61. [4] Edafe O, Antakia R, Laskar N, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia[J]. Br J Surg, 2014, 101(4): 307−320. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9384. [5] Betterle C, Garelli S, Presotto F. Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune parathyroid disease[J]. Autoimmun Rev, 2014, 13(4/5): 417−422. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.044. [6] Puzziello A, Rosato L, Innaro N, et al. Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery: incidence and risk factors. A longitudinal multicenter study comprising 2,631 patients[J]. Endocrine, 2014, 47(2): 537−542. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0209-y. [7] Lima K, Abrahamsen TG, Wolff AB, et al. Hypoparathyroidism and autoimmunity in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2011, 165(2): 345−352. DOI: 10.1530/EJE-10-1206. [8] Vieira JG, Brandão CM, Kasamatsu TS, et al. Parathyroid hormone secretory reserve in patients submitted to 131-iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism[J]. Braz J Med Biol Res, 1991, 24(11): 1103−1105. [9] Morgan WF, Sowa MB. Non-targeted bystander effects induced by ionizing radiation[J]. Mutat Res, 2007, 616(1/2): 159−164. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.11.009. [10] Triggs SM, Williams ED. Irradiation of the thyroid as a cause of parathyroid adenoma[J]. Lancet, 1977, 309(8011): 593−594. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92017-7. [11] Cundiff JG, Portugal L, Sarne DH. Parathyroid adenoma after radioactive iodine therapy for multinodular goiter[J]. Am J Otolaryngol, 2001, 22(5): 374−375. DOI: 10.1053/ajot.2001.26504. [12] Esselstyn CB Jr, Schumacher OP, Eversman J, et al. Hyperparathyroidism after radioactive iodine therapy for Graves disease[J]. Surgery, 1982, 92(5): 811−813. [13] Wei SZ, Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA. Parathyroid adenoma in patients with Graves' disease: a report of 21 cases[J]. Endocr Pathol, 2015, 26(1): 71−74. DOI: 10.1007/s12022-014-9349-0. [14] Bondeson AG, Bondeson L, Thompson NW. Hyperparathyroidism after treatment with radioactive iodine: not only a coincidence?[J]. Surgery, 1989, 106(6): 1025−1027. [15] Law RH, Quan DL, Stefan AJ, et al. Hyperparathyroidism subsequent to radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease[J]. Head Neck, 2021, 43(10): 2994−3000. DOI: 10.1002/hed.26786. [16] Harden RM, Harrison MT, Alexander WD. Phosphate excretion and parathyroid function after radioiodine therapy and thyroidectomy[J/OL]. Clin Sci, 1963, 25: 27−36[2022-10-08]. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/14058241. DOI: 10.1007/BF00786733. [17] Adams PH, Chalmers TM. Parathyroid function after 131-I therapy for hyperthyroidism[J/OL]. Clin Sci, 1965, 29(2): 391−395[2022-10-08]. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/4953950. [18] Better OS, Garty J, Brautbar N, et al. Diminished functional parathyroid reserve following I-131 treatment for hyperthyroidism[J/OL]. Isr J Med Sci, 1969, 5(3): 419−422[2022-10-08]. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/5821829. [19] Ross DS, Nussbaum SR. Reciprocal changes in parathyroid hormone and thyroid function after radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1989, 68(6): 1216−1219. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-68-6-1216. [20] Szumowski P, Abdelrazek S, Mojsak M, et al. Parathyroid gland function after radioiodine (131I) therapy for toxic and non-toxic goitre[J]. Endokrynol Pol, 2013, 64(5): 340−345. DOI: 10.5603/EP.2013.0015. [21] 丁翠爽, 钟海蓉, 邱智萍. 甲亢131I治疗干预后甲状腺功能状态与血清PTH水平的相关性分析[J]. 标记免疫分析与临床, 2017, 24(5): 534−537. DOI: 10.11748/bjmy.issn.1006-1703.2017.05.015.
Ding CS, Zhong HR, Qiu ZP. A study of the effect of iodine-131 therapy on the treatment of hyperthyroidism and the association between thyroid function and serum PTH level[J]. Labeled Immunoassays Clin Med, 2017, 24(5): 534−537. DOI: 10.11748/bjmy.issn.1006-1703.2017.05.015.[22] 宋奉阳. Graves病患者大剂量131I治疗后性激素和甲状旁腺激素早期动态监测及临床分析[D]. 南宁: 广西医科大学, 2020. DOI: 10.27038/d.cnki.ggxyu.2020.000244.
Song FY. Early dynamic monitoring and clinical analysis of sex hormone and parathyroid hormone in patients with graves disease after high-dose 131I treatment[D]. Nanning: Guangxi Medical University, 2020. DOI: 10.27038/d.cnki.ggxyu.2020.000244.[23] Mortensen LS, Smidt K, Jørgensen A, et al. Long-term parathyroid- and c-cell function after radioiodine for benign thyroid diseases[J]. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2005, 97(1): 22−28. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_97104.x. [24] 吴庆超. 131I治疗甲亢对甲状旁腺功能的影响研究[J]. 中国社区医师, 2019, 35(1): 70, 73. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2019.01.048.
Wu QC. Study on the effect of 131I treatment on parathyroid function in hyperthyroidism[J]. Chin Comm Doc, 2019, 35(1): 70, 73. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2019.01.048.[25] Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American thyroid association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American thyroid association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer[J]. Thyroid, 2016, 26(1): 1−133. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0020. [26] Glazebrook GA. Effect of decicurie doses of radioactive iodine 131 on parathyroid function[J]. Am J Surg, 1987, 154(4): 368−373. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90006-8. [27] Burch WM, Posillico JT. Hypoparathyroidism after I-131 therapy with subsequent return of parathyroid function[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1983, 57(2): 398−401. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-57-2-398. [28] Winslow CP, Meyers AD. Hypocalcemia as a complication of radioiodine therapy[J]. Am J Otolaryngol, 1998, 19(6): 401−403. DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0709(98)90045-x. [29] 贺嵩, 谢来平, 黄定德, 等. 131I治疗后甲状旁腺移植区假阳性摄取1例[J]. 中国医学影像技术, 2022, 38(7): 1119−1120. DOI: 10.13929/j.issn.1003-3289.2022.07.044.
He S, Xie LP, Huang DD, et al. False positive uptake of parathyroid transplantation area after 131I treatment: case report[J]. Chin J Med Imaging Technol, 2022, 38(7): 1119−1120. DOI: 10.13929/j.issn.1003-3289.2022.07.044.[30] Wu Y, Fang QG, Jin QF, et al. Parathyroid hormone level changes following radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer: a prospective observational study[J]. Endocr Pract, 2021, 27(4): 342−347. DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2020.09.013. [31] 钱明理, 杜学亮, 傅宏亮. 分化型甲状腺癌术后131I清甲治疗对甲状旁腺功能的影响[J]. 放射免疫学杂志, 2012, 25(4): 369−372. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9810.2012.04.004.
Qian ML, Du XL, Fu HL. Effect of radioiodine remnant ablation on function of parathyroid in post-surgical differentiated thyroid cancer patients[J]. J Radioimmunol, 2012, 25(4): 369−372. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9810.2012.04.004.[32] 葛舒曼. 分化型甲状腺癌术后碘-131治疗对甲状旁腺功能的影响[D]. 石家庄: 河北医科大学, 2020. DOI: 10.27111/d.cnki.ghyku.2020.000616.
Ge SM. Effect of 131I treatment after surgery on the function of parathyroid in differentiated thyroid carcinoma[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Medical University, 2020. DOI: 10.27111/d.cnki.ghyku.2020.000616.[33] 李文亮, 杨辉, 王森. 131I治疗对分化型甲状腺癌患者甲状旁腺素的影响[J]. 中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2021, 37(6): 554−557. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20200707-00499.
Li WL, Yang H, Wang S. Influence of 131I therapy on parathyroid hormone in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer[J]. Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2021, 37(6): 554−557. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20200707-00499.[34] Guven A, Salman S, Boztepe H, et al. Parathyroid changes after high dose radioactive iodine in patients with thyroid cancer[J]. Ann Nucl Med, 2009, 23(5): 437−441. DOI: 10.1007/s12149-009-0270-4. [35] Wen Q, Ma QJ, Bai L, et al. Glycididazole sodium combined with radioiodine therapy for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC)[J/OL]. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015, 8(8): 14095−14099[2022-10-08]. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/26550375. [36] 申沛于, 韦智晓, 李俊红, 等. 131I治疗儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌对血常规、肝功能及甲状旁腺的短期影响[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2019, 35(19): 3067−3070. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2019.19.019.
Shen PY, Wei ZX, Li JH, et al. Effect of 131I treatment on routine blood test, liver function and parathyroid glands in children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma[J]. J Prac Med, 2019, 35(19): 3067−3070. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2019.19.019.[37] Zhang AM, Li PL, Liu QF, et al. Effect of post-surgical RAI therapy on parathyroid function in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer[J]. Endocr Pract, 2020, 26(4): 416−422. DOI: 10.4158/EP-2019-0398. [38] Xiao L, Zhang WJ, Zhu HM, et al. Parathyroid changes after RAI in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma[J/OL]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021, 12: 671787[2022-10-08]. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.671787/full. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.671787. [39] Cusano NE, Anderson L, Rubin MR, et al. Recovery of parathyroid hormone secretion and function in postoperative hypoparathyroidism: a case series[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013, 98(11): 4285−4290. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2937. [40] Lorente-Poch L, Sancho JJ, Ruiz S, et al. Importance of in situ preservation of parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy[J]. Br J Surg, 2015, 102(4): 359−367. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9676. [41] Wang B, Zhu CR, Liu H, et al. The effectiveness of parathyroid gland autotransplantation in preserving parathyroid function during thyroid surgery for thyroid neoplasms: a meta-analysis[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(8): e0221173[2022-10-08]. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221173. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221173.
计量
- 文章访问数: 2599
- HTML全文浏览量: 2242
- PDF下载量: 18