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近年来,放疗已成为头颈部肿瘤(head and neck cancer,HNC)的标准治疗方法,可显著降低早期不良反应的发生率,但无法控制晚期不良反应的进展。吞咽障碍是放疗常见的晚期不良反应之一,多数HNC患者在放疗后会出现吞咽障碍,甚至继续恶化,严重影响患者的生活质量[1]。吞咽功能训练可改善吞咽障碍,已被广泛应用于脑卒中患者[2],但其在HNC患者中的应用尚少,训练方法尚未统一。我们对HNC患者放疗后吞咽障碍的发生机制、影响因素、评估方法以及预防措施等进行综述。
吞咽功能训练在头颈部肿瘤放疗患者吞咽障碍中的应用进展
Application progress of swallowing function training in dysphagia of patients with head and neck cancers undergoing radiotherapy
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摘要: 吞咽障碍是头颈部肿瘤(HNC)放疗后常见的不良反应之一,随着时间的延长病情加重,会导致患者营养不良、发生误吸性肺炎甚至死亡。虽然吞咽功能训练对HNC患者有一定的疗效,但训练方法尚未统一。笔者对HNC患者放疗后吞咽障碍的发生机制、影响因素、评估方法等进行综述,以期为HNC患者放疗后吞咽障碍的防治提供思路。Abstract: Dysphagia is one of the common adverse reactions after radiotherapy for head and neck cancers (HNC). As time goes on, the disease will worsen, leading to malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia and even death. Although swallowing function training has certain therapeutic effects on HNC patients, the training methods have not yet been unified. The author reviews the mechanism, influencing factors and evaluation methods of dysphagia in HNC patients after radiotherapy, in order to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of dysphagia in HNC patients after radiotherapy.
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