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神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine tumor,NET)是一类起源于肽能神经元和神经内分泌细胞、具有神经内分泌分化并表达神经内分泌标志物的少见肿瘤,可发生于全身各处,以肺、胃、肠、胰腺NET最常见[1]。近几十年来,各国流行病学调查结果显示NEM的发病率呈明显上升趋势[2-3]。放射性核素肽受体介导治疗(peptide receptor radionuclide therapy,PRRT)是通过放射性核素标记的生长抑素类似物与NET细胞表面过表达的生长抑素受体(somatostatin receptors,SSTR)结合,将放射性药物带至肿瘤细胞,利用药物放射性达到杀灭肿瘤细胞的目的[4]。近些年,在一些单中心的临床研究中,PRRT表现出了较好的治疗效果和较高的安全性,被认为是不可切除或转移性NET的一种可选择的治疗方法,受到越来越多的关注[5]。目前,在PRRT中使用最多和最广的放射性核素为177Lu,但对体积较大的肿瘤来说,其治疗效果不如90Y[6]。在PRRT的相关药物中,以90Y和177Lu标记的生长抑素类似物1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-酪氨酸3-奥曲肽(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-Tyr(3)-octreotide,DOTATOC)和1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-D-苯丙氨酸1-酪氨酸3-苏氨酸8-奥曲肽(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-Tyr(3)-octreotate,DOTATATE)的研究最为广泛。其中177Lu-DOTATATE分别于2017年和2018年被欧洲和美国批准上市[7]。90Y-DOTATOC也正式被用于开展临床研究[8-10]。目前对于90Y-DOTATOC的药理学评价主要集中在其对不同类型SSTR的亲和性及其在动物体内分布的研究上[11-12]。90Y-DOTATOC对NET细胞增殖抑制作用的研究较少。本研究通过采用90Y标记DOTATOC后,探讨DOTATOC和90Y-DOTATOC对人胰腺神经内分泌瘤BON-1(SSTR+)细胞增殖的抑制作用。
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90Y标记DOTATOC的标记率为(61.93±3.53)%。纯化后90Y-DOTATOC的放射化学纯度为(98.88±0.38)%,放射性浓度为4.6 MBq/ml,比活度约为1.6 GBq/μmol。
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从表1可知,随着时间的推移,90Y-DOTATOC在生理盐水和10%胎牛血清中的放射化学纯度降低速度非常缓慢,7 d后,在生理盐水和10%胎牛血清中的放射化学纯度仍达97.33%和97.02%。
天数(d) 放射化学纯度 生理盐水 10%胎牛血清 0 98.96 99.01 1 98.91 98.87 2 98.56 98.75 3 98.42 98.17 4 98.48 98.08 5 98.04 97.58 6 97.73 97.29 7 97.33 97.02 注:DOTATOC为1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-酪氨酸3-奥曲肽 表 1 90Y-DOTATOC在生理盐水和10%胎牛血清中的稳定性考察结果(%)
Table 1. Stability test results of 90Y-DOTATOC in physiological saline and 10% bovine serum (%)
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从表2可知,加药24 h后,与阴性对照组相比,DOTATOC组和90Y-DOTATOC高、中、低剂量组对BON-1细胞的抑制作用显著增强,且差异均有统计学意义(t=2.654~5.399,均P<0.05);与阴性对照组比较,90Y-DOTATOC高、中、低剂量组对PANC-1细胞的抑制作用显著增强,且差异均有统计学意义(t=2.993~3.984,均P<0.05);与90Y组比较,90Y-DOTATOC高剂量组对BON-1和PANC-1细胞的抑制作用均显著增强,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.698、2.973,P=0.031、0.048);与DOTATOC组相比,90Y-DOTATOC高、中剂量组对BON-1和PANC-1细胞的抑制作用均显著增强,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.267~3.772,均P<0.05)。加药48 h后,与阴性对照组相比,90Y-DOTATOC高剂量组、中、低剂量组、DOTATOC组、90Y组对BON-1细胞的抑制作用均显著增强,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.594~6.155,均P<0.05);与阴性对照组相比,90Y-DOTATOC高、中、低剂量组和90Y组对PANC-1细胞的抑制作用均显著增强,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.110~5.783,均P<0.05);与90Y组相比,90Y-DOTATOC高剂量组对BON-1和PANC-1细胞的抑制作用均显著增强,且差异有统计学意义(t=3.180、2.728,P=0.042、0.031);与DOTATOC组相比,90Y-DOTATOC高、中剂量组对BON-1和PANC-1细胞的抑制作用均显著增强,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.615~3.852,均P<0.05)。
组别 24 h肿瘤抑制率 48 h肿瘤抑制率 BON-1细胞 PANC-1细胞 BON-1细胞 PANC-1细胞 90Y-DOTATOC高剂量组 44.12±2.23abc 22.65±3.57abc 67.73±0.98abc 52.33±2.16abc 90Y-DOTATOC中剂量组 24.23±1.70ac 15.56±4.47ac 37.08±1.18ac 26.39±1.80ac 90Y-DOTATOC低剂量组 17.94±1.71a 10.52±4.08a 31.58±1.32a 14.15±1.75a DOTATOC组 15.17±2.74a 5.85±1.58 23.43±3.90a 8.45±2.33 90Y组 8.23±2.11 7.45±1.89 16.43±3.56a 15.56±2.88a 阳性对照组 37.52±1.36a 38.10±2.65a 64.52±6.05a 61.70±3.02a 阴性对照组 0 0 0 0 注:DOTATOC为1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-酪氨酸3-奥曲肽;BON-1为人胰腺神经内分泌瘤细胞;PANC-1为人胰腺胆管瘤细胞。a表示与阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.110~6.902,均P<0.05);b表示与90Y组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.698、2.973、3.180、2.728,均P<0.05)。c表示与DOTATOC组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.267~3.852,均P<0.05) 表 2 90Y-DOTATOC、DOTATOC、90Y对BON-1和PANC-1肿瘤细胞的抑制作用[(
),%]$\bar x \pm s $ Table 2. Results of inhibitory effects of 90Y-DOTATOC, DOTATOC, and 90Y on BON-1 and PANC-1 tumor cells [(
), %]$ \bar x \pm s $
90Y-DOTATOC对人胰腺神经内分泌瘤BON-1细胞的抑制作用
Inhibitory effect of 90Y-DOTATOC on human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell BON-1
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摘要:
目的 探讨90Y-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-酪氨酸3-奥曲肽(DOTATOC)对人胰腺神经内分泌瘤细胞BON-1的抑制作用。 方法 (1)采用90Y对DOTATOC进行标记,然后纯化90Y-DOTATOC;(2)考察90Y-DOTATOC的体外稳定性;(3)采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法,分别考察90Y、DOTATOC、90Y-DOTATOC对人胰腺神经内分泌瘤细胞BON-1和人胰腺胆管瘤细胞PANC-1的抑制作用,并分别计算细胞增殖抑制率。设立阴性对照组、阳性对照组(长春新碱,50 μmol/L)、DOTATOC组(25 μmol/L)、90Y组(1.8 MBq/ml)、90Y-DOTATOC高剂量组(90Y的放射性浓度为1.8 MBq/ml,DOTATOC的浓度为25 μmol/L)、90Y-DOTATOC中剂量组(90Y的放射性浓度为0.37 MBq/ml,DOTATOC的浓度为25 μmol/L)、90Y-DOTATOC低剂量组(90Y的放射性浓度为0.074 MBq/ml,DOTATOC的浓度为25 μmol/L)。组间比较采用独立样本t检验。 结果 (1)90Y标记DOTATOC的标记率为(61.93±3.53)%,放射化学纯度为(98.88±0.38)%,放射性浓度为4.6 MBq/ml,比活度为1.6 GBq/μmol。(2)90Y-DOTATOC在生理盐水和10%胎牛血清中放置7 d后的放射化学纯度分别为97.73%和97.02%。(3)加药24、48 h后,与阴性对照组相比,DOTATOC组对BON-1细胞的抑制作用均显著增高,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.654,3.981,均P<0.05);加药24、48 h后,90Y-DOTATOC高、中剂量组对BON-1和PANC-1细胞的抑制作用均优于DOTATOC组,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.267~3.852,均P<0.05);加药24、48 h后,90Y组对PANC-1和BON-1细胞的抑制作用均明显低于90Y-DOTATOC高剂量组,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.698~3.180,均P<0.05)。 结论 90Y-DOTATOC对BON-1细胞有较强的抑制作用,且与90Y的活度呈剂量依赖关系。与单独使用DOTATOC或者90Y对比,90Y-DOTATOC对BON-1细胞的抑制作用更强。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of 90Y-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-Tyr (3)-octreotide (DOTATOC) on the human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell line BON-1. Methods (1) DOTATOC was labeled with 90Y, and then purified it. (2) The stability of 90Y-DOTATOC was investigated in vitro. (3) The thiazole blue method was used to examine the inhibitory effects of 90Y, DOTATOC, and 90Y-DOTATOC on human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell BON-1 and human pancreatic cholangioma cell PANC-1, and then the cell proliferation inhibition rate was calculated. Negative control group, positive control group (Vincristine, 50 μmol/L), DOTATOC group (25 μmol/L), 90Y group (1.8 MBq/ml), 90Y-DOTATOC high-dose group (90Y dose was 1.8 MBq/ml, DOTATOC concentration was 25 μmol/L), 90Y-DOTATOC medium dose group (90Y dose was 0.37 MBq/ml, DOTATOC concentration was 25 μmol/L), 90Y-DOTATOC low-dose group (90Y dose was 0.074 MBq/ml, DOTATOC concentration was 25 μmol/L) were set up. Independent sample t-test was used for inter group comparison. Result (1) The labeling rate of the DOTATOC labeled with 90Y was (61.93±3.53)%. Its radiochemical purity was (98.88±0.38)%, its radioactive concentration was 4.6 MBq/ml, and its specific activity was 1.6 GBq/μmol. (2) The radiochemical purity of 90Y-DOTATOC after being placed in physiological saline and 10% bovine serum for 7 days was 97.73% and 97.02%, respectively. (3) After 24 h and 48 h of drug addition, the inhibitory effect of the DOTATOC group on BON-1 cells was significantly increased compared with that of the negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.654, 3.981, all P<0.05). After 24 h and 48 h of drug addition, the inhibitory effects of the high and medium 90Y-DOTATOC dose groups on BON-1 and PANC-1 cells were superior to that of the DOTATOC group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.267–3.852, all P<0.05). After 24 h and 48 h of drug addition, the inhibitory effects of the pure 90Y group on PANC-1 and BON-1 cells were significantly lower than that of the high-dose 90Y-DOTATOC group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.698–3.180, all P<0.05). Conclusion 90Y-DOTATOC exerts a strong inhibitory effect on BON-1 tumor cells and is dose-dependent on 90Y dosage. Compared with using DOTATOC or 90Y alone, 90Y-DOTATOC exhibits better inhibitory effect on BON-1 tumor cells. -
表 1 90Y-DOTATOC在生理盐水和10%胎牛血清中的稳定性考察结果(%)
Table 1. Stability test results of 90Y-DOTATOC in physiological saline and 10% bovine serum (%)
天数(d) 放射化学纯度 生理盐水 10%胎牛血清 0 98.96 99.01 1 98.91 98.87 2 98.56 98.75 3 98.42 98.17 4 98.48 98.08 5 98.04 97.58 6 97.73 97.29 7 97.33 97.02 注:DOTATOC为1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-酪氨酸3-奥曲肽 表 2 90Y-DOTATOC、DOTATOC、90Y对BON-1和PANC-1肿瘤细胞的抑制作用[(
),%]$\bar x \pm s $ Table 2. Results of inhibitory effects of 90Y-DOTATOC, DOTATOC, and 90Y on BON-1 and PANC-1 tumor cells [(
), %]$ \bar x \pm s $ 组别 24 h肿瘤抑制率 48 h肿瘤抑制率 BON-1细胞 PANC-1细胞 BON-1细胞 PANC-1细胞 90Y-DOTATOC高剂量组 44.12±2.23abc 22.65±3.57abc 67.73±0.98abc 52.33±2.16abc 90Y-DOTATOC中剂量组 24.23±1.70ac 15.56±4.47ac 37.08±1.18ac 26.39±1.80ac 90Y-DOTATOC低剂量组 17.94±1.71a 10.52±4.08a 31.58±1.32a 14.15±1.75a DOTATOC组 15.17±2.74a 5.85±1.58 23.43±3.90a 8.45±2.33 90Y组 8.23±2.11 7.45±1.89 16.43±3.56a 15.56±2.88a 阳性对照组 37.52±1.36a 38.10±2.65a 64.52±6.05a 61.70±3.02a 阴性对照组 0 0 0 0 注:DOTATOC为1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-酪氨酸3-奥曲肽;BON-1为人胰腺神经内分泌瘤细胞;PANC-1为人胰腺胆管瘤细胞。a表示与阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.110~6.902,均P<0.05);b表示与90Y组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.698、2.973、3.180、2.728,均P<0.05)。c表示与DOTATOC组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.267~3.852,均P<0.05) -
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