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胃肠恶性肿瘤的发病率在全球呈不断攀升的趋势,其中,胃癌和结直肠癌(包括肛门癌)分别位居全球主要癌症死亡原因的第4和第2[1] 。早期诊断和准确分期对于胃肠肿瘤的治疗策略有至关重要的意义。18F-FDG PET/CT显像对胃肠道恶性肿瘤的诊断和分期缺乏特异性,对某些组织病理学类型肿瘤的诊断、淋巴结转移,尤其是腹膜转移的检出灵敏度欠佳。
近年来,肿瘤微环境对肿瘤治疗效果的影响逐渐引起广泛的关注。1988年,Rettig等[2]在多种类型的恶性肉瘤细胞中发现了肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAFs),其存在于大多数实体肿瘤的基质中,与肿瘤细胞的生长、侵袭、迁移、免疫和进展密切相关,是许多肿瘤重要的预后因素。在结直肠癌患者中,CAFs 的存在是肿瘤复发的有效预测因子[3]。成纤维细胞激活蛋白(fibroblast activation protein, FAP)是CAFs的标志性蛋白,是一种兼具二肽基肽酶(DPP)和肽链内切酶活性的Ⅱ型整合膜蛋白,参与调节成纤维细胞的组织修复、纤维化反应和细胞外基质的降解。组织病理学研究结果表明,包括胃肠恶性肿瘤在内的超过90%的上皮来源的肿瘤中的CAFs有FAP高表达[4],FAP可作为该类肿瘤诊治的理想靶点。因此,放射性核素68Ga和(或)18F等标记的成纤维细胞激活蛋白抑制剂(fibroblast activation protein inhibitor, FAPI)PET/CT显像在胃癌和结直肠癌的诊断和分期中具有重要价值。目前,国内外关于68Ga-FAPI 系列探针对胃肠肿瘤诊断效能的评估集中于68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT与18F-FDG PET/CT的对比研究。因此,本文重点就68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT显像在胃及结直肠肿瘤诊疗中的价值作一综述。
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT在胃及结直肠肿瘤诊疗中的临床应用进展
Clinical application and progress of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in the diagnosis and treatments of gastric and colorectal tumors
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摘要: 成纤维细胞激活蛋白(FAP)是肿瘤相关成纤维细胞的标志性蛋白,其在多种上皮来源的恶性肿瘤中高表达,而在正常组织中几乎不表达,现已成为肿瘤诊疗的重要靶点。68Ga标记成纤维细胞激活蛋白抑制剂(FAPI)的PET/CT显像具有不受血糖水平的影响、肿瘤摄取迅速以及可获得较高的靶/本底比值图像等特点,已显示出良好的临床应用前景。胃及结直肠肿瘤具有发病隐匿、易复发转移,且腹膜转移不易检出等特点,患者预后较差。与18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查相比,68Ga-FAPI PET/CT在胃及结直肠肿瘤的诊断、分期与疗效评估中具有显著优势,目前已引起国内外学者的关注。笔者重点就68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT在胃及结直肠肿瘤诊疗中的临床价值和研究进展进行综述。
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关键词:
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 胃肠肿瘤 /
- 成纤维细胞激活蛋白抑制剂
Abstract: Fibroblast activator protein (FAP) is a marker protein of tumor-associated fibroblasts, which is highly expressed in many epithelial-derived malignant tumors but hardly expressed in normal tissues, and has become an important target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activator protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT imaging has the characteristics of not being affected by blood glucose level, rapid tumor uptake and it can obtain high tumor-to-background ratio images, which has shown a good prospect of clinical application. The pathogenesis of gastric and colorectal tumors is concealed, they are prone to recurrence and metastasis, peritoneal metastasis in particular are not easy to detect and the prognosis is poor. Compared with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT examination, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT has significant advantages in the diagnosis, staging and efficacy evaluation of gastric and colorectal tumors, at present, it has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. The author focuses on the clinical value and research progress of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in the diagnosis and treatments of gastric and colorectal tumors. -
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