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肺癌的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,是目前所有恶性肿瘤中发病率最高的一种,且病死率较高[1]。肺癌是呼吸系统中较为常见的一种恶性肿瘤,按照病理分型可将其分为小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌,其中小细胞肺癌的恶性程度较高,非小细胞肺癌较为常见,约占所有肺癌的75%[2-3]。肺癌的恶性程度高,发病较为隐匿,早期确诊困难,一旦发现时已处于中晚期,且患者的5年生存率很低[4-6]。因此,早期准确地对肺癌进行诊断并进行病理学分型对于后续治疗方案的制定、患者预后的改善和生存期的延长等尤为重要。血清肿瘤标志物的产生与恶性肿瘤细胞异常或是宿主对肿瘤的刺激反应有关,作为一种特征性的存在,其能反映肿瘤发生发展的过程,可作为发现肿瘤的依据,且其取样方便、创伤小,能够为肿瘤的分类和诊断提供参考,可以进一步指导治疗方案的制定及改善患者预后等。高分辨率CT(high resolution CT,HRCT)是肺部检查常用的影像方法,为了更好地寻找肺癌的发生、发展的原因及其与病理特征的相关性,我们探讨了HRCT联合多种血清肿瘤标志物对早期肺癌的诊断价值,以期为临床诊治肺癌提供参考。
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由表1可知,肺癌组的各项血清肿瘤标志物水平均高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(t=8.107~30.460,均P<0.001)。
组别 CEA(ng/ml) NSE(ng/ml) CA125(U/ml) CYFRA21-1(ng/ml) SCCA(μg/L) 肺癌组(n=164) 45.45±4.51 23.52±3.56 124.23±29.43 16.78±2.56 7.36±2.56 对照组(n=78) 2.14±0.58 10.23±1.62 20.37±1.26 1.63±2.12 1.13±0.48 t值 30.460 8.107 14.619 10.363 14.532 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:CEA为癌胚抗原;NSE为神经元特异性烯醇化酶;CA125为糖类抗原125; CYFRA21-1为细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1;SCCA为鳞状细胞癌抗原 表 1 肺癌组患者与对照组健康者的血清肿瘤标志物水平比较(
)$ \bar{x}\pm s $ Table 1. Comparison of serum tumor markers between lung cancer group and control group (
)$ \bar{x}\pm s $ -
由表2可知,腺癌患者的血清CEA、CA125水平均高于鳞癌和小细胞癌患者,且差异有统计学意义(t=12.712~4.326,均P<0.001)。鳞癌患者的血清CEA、CA125水平与小细胞癌患者的相比,差异均无统计学意义(t=1.342、1.256,均P>0.05)。腺癌与鳞癌患者的NSE和CYFRA21-1水平均低于小细胞癌患者,且差异有统计学意义(t=10.342~11.534,均P<0.001)。腺癌、鳞癌和小细胞癌患者的典型病例HRCT图像如图1所示。
病理类型 CEA(ng/ml) NSE(ng/ml) CA125(U/ml) CYFRA21-1(ng/ml) SCCA(μg/L) 腺癌(n=90) 128.24±34.46ab 23.24±3.54b 147.36±24.55ab 7.05±2.61b 5.14±2.25 鳞癌(n=62) 34.82±12.89 20.13±3.11b 107.53±18.24 12.57±2.49b 10.24±3.08 小细胞癌(n=12) 36.06±14.24 70.81±20.36 109.65±13.20 45.72±12.36 4.89±2.13 注:a表示与鳞癌患者相比,差异均有统计学意义(t=12.712、4.326,均P<0.001);b表示与小细胞癌患者相比,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.304~15.134,均P<0.001)。CEA为癌胚抗原;NSE为神经元特异性烯醇化酶;CA125为糖类抗原125; CYFRA21-1为细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1;SCCA为鳞状细胞癌抗原 表 2 不同病理类型早期肺癌患者的血清肿瘤标志物水平比较(
)$ \bar{x}\pm s $ Table 2. Comparison of serum tumor markers in patients with early lung cancer of different pathological types (
)$ \bar{x}\pm s $ -
由表3可知,HRCT+5种肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌的诊断灵敏度为95.62%,特异度为96.43%,准确率为98.65%,均高于任意一种单独诊断,且差异有统计学意义(
χ2=55.823、48.652、62.718,均P<0.001)。 检测方法 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 CEA 42.56 88.65 64.00 NSE 43.41 91.78 67.05 CYFRA21-1 46.52 80.46 63.21 CA125 45.21 86.84 65.23 SCCA 45.02 86.95 64.00 HRCT 76.50 79.28 78.46 5种肿瘤标志物联合检测 68.26 74.84 72.32 HRCT+5种肿瘤标志物联合检测 95.62 96.43 98.65 注:CEA为癌胚抗原;NSE为神经元特异性烯醇化酶;CYFRA21-1为细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1;CA125为糖类抗原125; SCCA为鳞状细胞癌抗原;HRCT为高分辨率计算机体层摄影术 表 3 不同检测方法及其联合应用对早期肺癌的诊断效能(%)
Table 3. Diagnostic efficacy of different examination methods and their combination in early lung cancer (%)
高分辨率CT联合多种血清肿瘤标志物对不同病理类型早期肺癌的诊断价值
Diagnostic value of high resolution CT scan combined with various serum tumor markers in different pathological types of early lung cancer
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摘要:
目的 探讨高分辨率CT(HRCT)联合多种血清肿瘤标志物对不同病理类型早期肺癌的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析2019年8月至2021年10月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院收治的164例早期肺癌患者(肺癌组)的临床资料,同时选取同期参加体检的78名健康者作为对照组。肺癌组男性94例、女性70例,年龄(52.4±3.6)岁;其中,腺癌90例、鳞癌62例、小细胞癌12例。所有患者均经组织病理学检查结果证实。比较2组间和不同病理类型患者间血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平;以组织病理学检查结果为确诊肺癌的“金标准”,分别计算HRCT、5种肿瘤标志物、HRCT+5种肿瘤标志物诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异度和准确率。计量资料的比较采用两独立样本t检验,计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。 结果 肺癌组的各项血清肿瘤标志物水平均高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(t=8.107~30.460,均P<0.001)。腺癌患者的血清CEA、CA125水平均高于鳞癌和小细胞癌患者,且差异有统计学意义(t=12.712~4.326,均P<0.001)。鳞癌患者的血清CEA、CA125水平与小细胞癌患者的相比,差异均无统计学意义(t=1.342、1.256,均P>0.05)。腺癌与鳞癌患者的NSE和CYFRA21-1水平均低于小细胞癌患者,且差异有统计学意义(t=10.342~11.534,均P<0.001)。HRCT+5种肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌的诊断灵敏度为95.62%,特异度为96.43%,准确率为98.65%,均高于任意一种单独诊断(χ2=55.823、48.652、62.718,均P<0.001)。 结论 HRCT联合多种血清肿瘤标志物检测有助于提高对早期肺癌的诊断特异度、灵敏度和准确率,对肺癌的诊断具有较高的临床价值。 -
关键词:
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 肺肿瘤 /
- 生物标记,肿瘤
Abstract:Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of high resolution CT (HRCT) scan combined with various serum tumor markers in different pathological types of early lung cancer. Methods The clinical data of 164 patients with early lung cancer (lung cancer group) admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2019 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and 78 healthy people who participated in physical examination at the same time were selected as the control group. There were 94 males and 70 females in the lung cancer group, aged (52.4±3.6) years. Among them, 90 cases were adenocarcinoma, 62 cases were squamous cell carcinoma, and 12 cases were small cell carcinoma. All the patients were confirmed by histopathological examination. The serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cyto-keratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1, squamous cell carcinoma antigen and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) were compared between the two groups and different pathological types of patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of HRCT scan, five tumor markers and HRCT scan + five tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer were calculated based on the results of histopathological examination as the gold standard. The measurement data were compared by two independent samples t-test, and the counting data were compared by Chi-square test. Results The levels of serum tumor markers in lung cancer group were higher than those in control group (t=8.107–30.460; all P<0.001). The serum CEA and CA125 levels in patients with adenocarcinoma were higher than those in squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (t=12.712–4.326; all P<0.001). No significant difference was found in serum CEA and CA125 levels between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and those with small cell carcinoma (t=1.342, 1.256; both P>0.05). The NSE level in patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma was lower than that in patients with small cell carcinoma (t=10.342–11.534; all P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of HRCT scann + five tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer were 95.62%, 96.43% and 98.65% respectively, which were higher than any single diagnosis (χ2=55.823, 48.652, 62.718; all P<0.001). Conclusion HRCT scan combined with detection of various serum tumor markers can improve the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of early lung cancer diagnosis, and this method has high clinical value in the diagnosis of lung cancer. -
Key words:
- Tomography, X-ray computed /
- Lung neoplasms /
- Biomarkers, tumor
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表 1 肺癌组患者与对照组健康者的血清肿瘤标志物水平比较(
)$ \bar{x}\pm s $ Table 1. Comparison of serum tumor markers between lung cancer group and control group (
)$ \bar{x}\pm s $ 组别 CEA(ng/ml) NSE(ng/ml) CA125(U/ml) CYFRA21-1(ng/ml) SCCA(μg/L) 肺癌组(n=164) 45.45±4.51 23.52±3.56 124.23±29.43 16.78±2.56 7.36±2.56 对照组(n=78) 2.14±0.58 10.23±1.62 20.37±1.26 1.63±2.12 1.13±0.48 t值 30.460 8.107 14.619 10.363 14.532 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:CEA为癌胚抗原;NSE为神经元特异性烯醇化酶;CA125为糖类抗原125; CYFRA21-1为细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1;SCCA为鳞状细胞癌抗原 表 2 不同病理类型早期肺癌患者的血清肿瘤标志物水平比较(
)$ \bar{x}\pm s $ Table 2. Comparison of serum tumor markers in patients with early lung cancer of different pathological types (
)$ \bar{x}\pm s $ 病理类型 CEA(ng/ml) NSE(ng/ml) CA125(U/ml) CYFRA21-1(ng/ml) SCCA(μg/L) 腺癌(n=90) 128.24±34.46ab 23.24±3.54b 147.36±24.55ab 7.05±2.61b 5.14±2.25 鳞癌(n=62) 34.82±12.89 20.13±3.11b 107.53±18.24 12.57±2.49b 10.24±3.08 小细胞癌(n=12) 36.06±14.24 70.81±20.36 109.65±13.20 45.72±12.36 4.89±2.13 注:a表示与鳞癌患者相比,差异均有统计学意义(t=12.712、4.326,均P<0.001);b表示与小细胞癌患者相比,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.304~15.134,均P<0.001)。CEA为癌胚抗原;NSE为神经元特异性烯醇化酶;CA125为糖类抗原125; CYFRA21-1为细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1;SCCA为鳞状细胞癌抗原 表 3 不同检测方法及其联合应用对早期肺癌的诊断效能(%)
Table 3. Diagnostic efficacy of different examination methods and their combination in early lung cancer (%)
检测方法 灵敏度 特异度 准确率 CEA 42.56 88.65 64.00 NSE 43.41 91.78 67.05 CYFRA21-1 46.52 80.46 63.21 CA125 45.21 86.84 65.23 SCCA 45.02 86.95 64.00 HRCT 76.50 79.28 78.46 5种肿瘤标志物联合检测 68.26 74.84 72.32 HRCT+5种肿瘤标志物联合检测 95.62 96.43 98.65 注:CEA为癌胚抗原;NSE为神经元特异性烯醇化酶;CYFRA21-1为细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1;CA125为糖类抗原125; SCCA为鳞状细胞癌抗原;HRCT为高分辨率计算机体层摄影术 -
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