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肿瘤的发生和转移与肿瘤微环境关系密切,肿瘤是肿瘤细胞及其周围的支持组织或肿瘤基质中不同类型细胞之间不断相互作用的产物。癌相关成纤维细胞(cancer-associated fibroblasts,CAFs)是肿瘤微环境中的重要组成部分,几乎存在于所有上皮来源的实体瘤中,其在某些肿瘤间质组织中的比例高达90%[1]。临床研究结果表明,CAFs是乳腺癌、胃癌和肝癌等肿瘤重要的预后因素[2-3]。
CAFs不同于正常的成纤维细胞,它在肿瘤微环境中具有活化的特性,并表达特定的标志物,如成纤维细胞活化蛋白(fibroblast activation protein,FAP)。FAP作为CAFs的关键蛋白[4],是一种相对分子质量为97 000的细胞表面糖蛋白,具有明胶酶和二肽基肽酶活性[5]。在实体瘤组织中,FAP阳性的CAFs多位于肿瘤的边缘或浸润在肿瘤组织中,在肿瘤免疫调控方面具有重要作用[6],而大多数正常组织不表达或低表达FAP,使FAP成为研究肿瘤基质的重要目标和治疗肿瘤的潜在靶点[7]。靶向FAP的分子显像与核素治疗已取得一系列研究成果:68Ga、18F等放射性核素标记FAP抑制剂(fibroblast activation protein inhibitor,FAPI)衍生物(以FAPI-04和FAPI-46为代表)后在多种肿瘤中表现出高度摄取,在部分肿瘤中的显像效果甚至优于18F-FDG PET/CT;177Lu、90Y等治疗性核素标记FAPI后,在小样本的临床研究中表现出较高的安全性并具有一定的抑瘤效果。本文对FAPI新型分子影像探针在肿瘤的诊断、辅助临床治疗决策的优化及核素靶向治疗等方面进行综述,以期更深入地了解FAPI探针在核医学肿瘤诊疗中的临床应用价值。
放射性核素标记的成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂在肿瘤诊疗一体化中的研究进展
Research progress of radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors in cancer radiotheranostics
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摘要: 癌相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)是实体瘤肿瘤微环境中的重要成分之一。成纤维细胞活化蛋白(FAP)特异性高表达于CAFs,在大多数正常组织中不表达或低表达,是一种很有前景的肿瘤诊断与治疗靶点。近年来,放射性核素标记靶向FAP的分子探针在肿瘤的诊断和治疗中已取得一系列研究进展。笔者对FAP抑制剂(FAPI)新型分子影像探针在肿瘤诊断、辅助临床治疗决策优化及核素靶向治疗等方面进行综述,以期更深入地了解FAPI探针在核医学肿瘤诊疗中的临床应用价值。
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关键词:
- 癌相关成纤维细胞 /
- 放射性同位素 /
- 肿瘤 /
- 成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂
Abstract: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the essential components in the tumor microenvironment. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a promising theranostic target because it is highly expressed in the CAFs of tumor stroma but lowly expressed in most of the normal tissue. Recently, a burst of studies reported the research progress of radiolabeled FAP-targeted molecular probe for tumor diagnosis as well as radionuclide therapy. For comprehensively understanding the clinical value of FAPI probe in tumoral nuclear medicine, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art of FAP inhibitors-based molecular imaging probe (FAPI) for cancer diagnosis, clinical therapeutic regimen improvement, and targeted radionuclide therapy. -
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