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放射性皮肤纤维化是电离辐射所致皮肤损伤的晚期效应,常见于放射性核事故和肿瘤放疗等之后。电离辐射引起的皮肤损伤有急性损伤和慢性损伤2种。急性放射性皮肤损伤是功能干细胞减少、皮肤内皮细胞改变、炎症以及皮肤细胞坏死的综合结果。慢性放射性皮肤损伤会持续数年,久治不愈,机理不明,晚期多发展为纤维化。纤维化指正常组织成分破坏,被基质和杂乱的胶原纤维取代,其特征通常是细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)成分的产生和沉积的增加,并伴有大量肌成纤维细胞的积累。正常伤口修复和疤痕形成过程中要对许多与ECM合成和降解有关的蛋白质进行严格调节,包括结构蛋白质、分解蛋白质的蛋白酶和蛋白酶抑制剂等。当正常的ECM合成和降解平衡被破坏,会导致胶原蛋白和其他ECM成分的过度积累,最终形成纤维化[1]。纤维化组织重塑通常会导致器官功能衰竭,且与疾病的高发病率和病死率相关[2]。
放射性皮肤纤维化的研究进展
Research progress on radiation-induced skin fibrosis
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摘要: 放射性皮肤纤维化是电离辐射作用于皮肤组织后的晚期效应,是放射性核事故和肿瘤放疗等之后常见的晚期并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量。放射性皮肤纤维化表现为皮肤外观的改变、皮肤弹性消失与挛缩、皮肤坚硬难以捏起折痕,可伴发毛细血管扩张、疼痛与瘙痒,部分患者甚至会发生进展性的纤维化,反复出现皮肤感染。目前关于放射性皮肤纤维化的发生机制尚不完全清楚,也缺乏针对性的救治手段及有效治疗药物。因此,深入探索电离辐射所致放射性皮肤纤维化的机制,寻找更有效的防治手段显得尤为重要。笔者就放射性皮肤纤维化的影响因素、临床表现、发生机制及其治疗方法等进行综述,并对其发展进行展望,旨在为放射性皮肤纤维化的研究提供参考。Abstract: Radiation-induced skin fibrosis is a late effect of radiation-induced skin injury. It is a common complication of tumor radiotherapy and radioactive nuclear accidents, which seriously affects the life quality of patients. Radiation-induced skin fibrosis is characterized by changes in skin appearance, loss of skin elasticity and contracture, hard skin and difficult to pinch creases, which may be accompanied by capillary dilatation, pain and itching. Some patients may even develop progressive fibrosis and recurrent skin infections. However, the mechanism of radiation-induced skin fibrosis is not completely clear at present, and there are no effective drugs and therapies to prevent or mitigate this disease. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the mechanism of ionizing radiation-induced skin fibrosis and find more effective prevention and treatment methods. This article reviews the influencing factors, clinical manifestations, mechanism and treatment of radiation-induced skin fibrosis, and prospects its development, aiming to provide a reference for the research of radiation-induced skin fibrosis.
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Key words:
- Radiation /
- Skin injury /
- Radiation-induced skin fibrosis
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