-
先天性中胚层肾瘤(congenital mesoblastic nephroma,CMN)是最常发生于6个月以下婴儿的肾脏肿瘤,但其常被误诊[1]。CMN分为3种病理学亚型:细胞型、经典型及混合型[2]。3种亚型的CMN预后各异,其中,经典型CMN及以经典型成分为主(>80%)的混合型CMN预后较好,仅需手术切除,无需放化疗,患者5年生存率达90%以上。细胞型CMN的恶性程度相对较高,患者除需接受单侧肾切除外,还需接受放化疗及新辅助化疗[3]。由于临床上对CMN的影像学特征认识不足,常将其误诊为其他常见的肾脏恶性肿瘤,如肾母细胞瘤或横纹肌肉瘤等,而这些恶性程度更高的肿瘤的治疗方式与CMN大相径庭[4]。故将CMN与其他儿童肾脏恶性肿瘤加以鉴别以及准确鉴别CMN的不同病理学亚型是CMN影像学诊断的关键。
据文献报道,CMN在超声检查中有低回声环的特异性征象[5-6]。而CT不仅具有较高的可重复性和组织对比度,还能完整显示肿瘤的全貌及其与周围组织的毗邻关系,因此CT在CMN的影像学诊断上有着不可替代的重要作用[7]。然而,目前还没有针对CMN,尤其是治疗手段有显著差异的含经典型成分的混合型CMN的CT影像学特征及其与超声、组织病理学特征对照的文献报道。本研究对CMN在CT平扫及增强扫描中的影像学特征作一总结,并将其与超声、组织病理学特征进行对照,以进一步明确CMN的CT影像学特征,为鉴别诊断提供参考。
先天性中胚层肾瘤的CT影像学特征及其与超声、组织病理学特征的对照分析
CT imaging characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma and their comparison with ultrasound and histopathological features
-
摘要:
目的 探讨先天性中胚层肾瘤(CMN)的CT影像学特征,并将其与超声、组织病理学特征进行对照,探究其组织病理学基础。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2017年7月就诊于中山大学附属第一医院经组织病理学检查确诊的10例CMN患儿的临床资料和影像学资料,其中男患儿8例、女患儿2例,年龄1个月~7岁[(12.6±26.1)个月];细胞型CMN 2例、经典型CMN 6例、以经典型成分为主(>80%)的混合型CMN 2例。分析CMN患儿CT平扫和增强扫描的影像学特点,并将经典型CMN及以经典型成分为主(>80%)的混合型CMN的CT影像学特征与超声、组织病理学特征进行对照。 结果 经典型CMN及以经典型成分为主(>80%)的混合型CMN的CT影像学特征多表现为类圆形的实性(3/8)或囊实性(5/8)肿物,且边界欠清(8/8);肿瘤实性部分密度不均(7/8),增强扫描后不均匀强化(8/8);与细胞型CMN相比,肿瘤内肾盂(8/8)及增强扫描后出现特征性“双边征”(7/8)是其特殊的影像学特征。组织病理学检查结果显示,CT影像学特征中的“双边征”与超声图像中的低回声环相对应,是由肿瘤周围扩张的血窦所致的特殊影像学征象。 结论 “双边征”及肿瘤内肾盂为经典型CMN及以经典型成分为主的混合型CMN的CT影像学特征。 -
关键词:
- 肾瘤,中胚叶 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 超声检查 /
- 病理学
Abstract:Objective To investigate the CT imaging characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and compare them with ultrasound and histopathological features to explore the histopathological basis of CMN. Methods Clinical and imaging data of 10 children with CMN confirmed by histopathology in the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2008 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort included 8 males and 2 females, aged from 1 month to 7 years ((12.6±26.1) months). Two cases of cellular CMN, 6 cases of typical CMN, and 2 cases of mixed CMN mainly with typical components (>80%) were evaluated. The characteristics of plain and contrast-enhanced CT scans of the children with CMN were summarized, and the CT characteristics of typical CMN and mixed CMN mainly with typical components (>80%) were compared with ultrasound and histopathological features. Results CT imaging characteristics of typical CMN and mixed CMN mainly with typical components (>80%) were as follows: mostly round solid (3/8) or cystic solid (5/8) masses with poorly defined boundaries (8/8); uneven density of the solid part of the tumor (7/8); and uneven enhancement (8/8). Compared with cellular CMN, intratumoral renal pelvis (8/8) and bilateral sign (7/8) after enhanced scan were the special imaging features. Histopathological results showed that the bilateral sign in the CT imaging characteristics corresponded to the hypoechoic ring signal in ultrasound images, which is a special imaging sign caused by the dilated blood sinus around the tumor. Conclusion Bilateral sign and intratumoral renal pelvis were the CT imaging characteristics of typical CMN and mixed CMN mainly with typical components. -
Key words:
- Nephroma, mesoblastic /
- Tomography, X-ray computed /
- Ultrasonography /
- Pathology
-
-
[1] Chen YX, Huang C, He QM, et al. Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of congenital mesoblastic nephroma: experience at a single center in China[J]. Prenat Diagn, 2021, 41(6): 766−771. DOI: 10.1002/pd.5942. [2] Moch H, Cubilla AL, Humphrey PA, et al. The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-part a: renal, penile, and testicular tumours[J]. Eur Urol, 2016, 70(1): 93−105. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.029. [3] Isaacs H Jr. Fetal and neonatal renal tumors[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2008, 43(9): 1587−1595. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.03.052. [4] 胡晓儒, 李勇, 李晓晗, 等. 小儿先天性中胚层肾瘤临床特点分析[J]. 中国小儿急救医学, 2018, 25(11): 870−874. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4912.2018.11.015.
Hu XR, Li Y, Li XH, et al. Clinical characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma in children[J]. Chin Pediatr Emerg Med, 2018, 25(11): 870−874. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4912.2018.11.015.[5] Chung EM, Graeber AR, Conran RM. Renal tumors of childhood: radiologic-pathologic correlation part 1. The 1st decade: from the radiologic pathology archives[J]. Radiographics, 2016, 36(2): 499−522. DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016150230. [6] 张静漪, 林玲, 陈红艳. 先天性中胚层肾瘤超声表现1例[J]. 中国医学影像技术, 2017, 33(2): 166. DOI: 10.13929/j.1003-3289.201608120.
Zhang JY, Lin L, Chen HY. Ultrasonography of congenital mesoblastic nephroma: case report[J]. Chin J Med Imaging Technol, 2017, 33(2): 166. DOI: 10.13929/j.1003-3289.201608120.[7] 徐化凤, 姚琼, 梁琼鹤, 等. 小儿先天性中胚层肾瘤的CT表现[J]. 临床放射学杂志, 2019, 38(2): 322−325. DOI: 10.13437/j.cnki.jcr.2019.02.035.
Xu HF, Yao Q, Liang QH, et al. CT diagnosis of congenital mesoblastic nephroma[J]. J Clin Radiol, 2019, 38(2): 322−325. DOI: 10.13437/j.cnki.jcr.2019.02.035.[8] Martínez CH, Dave S, Izawa J. Wilms' tumor[J]. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2010, 685: 196−209. [9] 高亚枫, 诸伟, 胡春洪, 等. 肾脏少见原发肿瘤的影像诊断[J]. 实用放射学杂志, 2018, 34(3): 392−394, 483. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1671.2018.03.017.
Gao YF, Zhu W, Hu CH, et al. Imaging manifestations of rare primary renal tumors[J]. J Pract Radiol, 2018, 34(3): 392−394, 483. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1671.2018.03.017.[10] Gooskens SL, Houwing ME, Vujanic GM, et al. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma 50 years after its recognition: a narrative review[J]. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2017, 64(7): e26437. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26437. [11] 王作鹏, 李凯, 董岿然, 等. 八例小儿先天性中胚层肾瘤的临床分析[J]. 中华小儿外科杂志, 2013, 34(10): 754−756. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3006.2013.10.009.
Wang ZP, Li K, Dong KR, et al. Eight cases of congenital mesoblastic nephroma: clinical analysis and literature review[J]. Chin J Pediatr Surg, 2013, 34(10): 754−756. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3006.2013.10.009.[12] 余天平, 尹晓雪, 陈敏, 等. 先天性中胚层肾瘤临床病理和分子遗传学分析[J]. 临床与实验病理学杂志, 2017, 33(6): 645−648. DOI: 10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2017.06.011.
Yu TP, Yin XX, Chen M, et al. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: clinicopathological features and molecular genetic analyses[J]. Chin J Clin Exp Pathol, 2017, 33(6): 645−648. DOI: 10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2017.06.011.[13] 王晗, 马阳阳, 张大文, 等. 先天性中胚层肾瘤的临床病理分析[J]. 中华病理学杂志, 2016, 45(9): 646−647. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2016.09.013.
Wang H, Ma YY, Zhang DW, et al. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases[J]. Chin J Pathol, 2016, 45(9): 646−647. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2016.09.013.[14] Kamaraj S, Arbuckle S, Warner D, et al. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma presenting with hematuria in a neonate: a case report[J]. Urology, 2016, 88: 189−191. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.10.026. [15] Gruver AM, Hansel DE, Luthringer DJ, et al. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma[J]. J Urol, 2010, 183(3): 1188−1189. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.12.055. [16] Chan HS, Cheng MY, Mancer K, et al. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: a clinicoradiologic study of 17 cases representing the pathologic spectrum of the disease[J]. J Pediatr, 1987, 111(1): 64−70. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(87)80343-8. [17] Kelner M, Droullé P, Didier F, et al. The vascular "ring" sign in mesoblastic nephroma: report of two cases[J]. Pediatr Radiol, 2003, 33(2): 123−128. DOI: 10.1007/s00247-002-0821-5. [18] 鄂天娇, 李玉华, 郑慧, 等. 婴幼儿肾脏肿瘤的CT诊断价值[J]. 中国医学计算机成像杂志, 2016, 22(2): 157−161. DOI: 10.19627/j.cnki.cn31-1700/th.2016.02.012.
E TJ, Li YH, Zheng H, et al. Diagnosis of renal tumor in infants by CT[J]. Chin Comput Med Imaging, 2016, 22(2): 157−161. DOI: 10.19627/j.cnki.cn31-1700/th.2016.02.012.[19] Glick RD, Hicks MJ, Nuchtern JG, et al. Renal tumors in infants less than 6 months of age[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2004, 39(4): 522−525. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2003.12.007. [20] Montaruli E, Fouquet V. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital mesoblastic nephroma[J]. Fetal Diagn Ther, 2013, 33(1): 79−80. DOI: 10.1159/000336464. [21] Emir S. Wilms tumor with intravascular tumor thrombus[J/OL]. Transl Pediatr, 2014, 3(1): 29−33[2021-10-16]. https://tp.amegroups.com/article/view/3218. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2014.01.03. [22] 王秋艳, 高煜, 金彪, 等. 儿童肾母细胞瘤的CT诊断和鉴别诊断[J]. 实用放射学杂志, 2001, 17(5): 333−335. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1671.2001.05.004.
Wang QY, Gao Y, Jin B, et al. CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of wilms' tumors of children[J]. J Pract Radiol, 2001, 17(5): 333−335. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1671.2001.05.004.[23] Walke VA, Shende NY, Kumbhalkar DT. Renal clear cell sarcoma−anaplastic variant: a rare entity[J]. J Clin Diagn Res, 2017, 11(1): ED10−ED11. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/23138.9214. [24] 薛潋滟, 朱铭, 钟玉敏, 等. 儿童肾恶性横纹肌样瘤的影像特征及病理学对照[J]. 实用放射学杂志, 2015, 31(3): 454−457. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1671.2015.03.028.
Xue LY, Zhu M, Zhong YM, et al. Correlation of radiological charicteristics of renal malignant rhabdoid tumor in children with pathology[J]. J Pract Radiol, 2015, 31(3): 454−457. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1671.2015.03.028.[25] Pachl M, Arul GS, Jester I, et al. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: a single-centre series[J]. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2020, 102(1): 67−70. DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2019.0111.