-
DTC患者术后首次接受131I治疗时,需在服用治疗活度131I(1.11~9.25 GBq)后第3~7天行全身前、后位平面显像,这对探测术后残留转移性淋巴结和远处转移具有重要价值[1]。有研究结果显示,治疗活度131I平面显像使9%~23%的DTC患者的疾病分期和诊疗决策发生改变[2]。Zhang等[3]有关治疗活度131I平面显像预后价值的研究结果进一步显示,72%仅有残留甲状腺的DTC患者获得痊愈;然而,存在术后残留转移性淋巴结和远处转移的DTC患者的累计痊愈率分别为45%和25%。治疗活度131I 平面显像缺乏精细的解剖学信息且组织器官前、后位显像重叠,这在一定程度上影响了其在病灶诊断中的准确性。Xue等[4]发现,在治疗活度 131I平面显像显示的所有摄碘灶中,6%~58%的摄碘灶在定性诊断上存在困难。SPECT/CT提高了131I平面显像的影像质量和诊断准确性,并以其方便可行、易于推广和医疗运行成本低廉的特点,在肿瘤学、心血管学和呼吸学等多个领域发挥着重要的临床诊断增益价值[4-5]。然而,目前有关DTC患者SPECT/CT显像诊断增益价值的研究,多为对比清甲后、随访期的诊断活度131I(74~185 MBq)平面显像[4, 6-7]。受131I用量、显像时间和残甲等因素的影响,使得治疗活度与诊断活度131I平面显像提供的诊断信息存在显著差异[1, 3, 8]。我们探讨了DTC患者术后首次行131I治疗时,治疗活度131I SPECT/CT显像对DTC患者的诊断增益价值及其对患者临床诊疗决策的影响。
-
所有患者的肿瘤原发病灶长径为(1.9±0.8) cm。颈部淋巴结转移占89.4%(361/404)、中央区淋巴结转移占26.0%(105/404)、中央区合并颈侧区淋巴结转移占63.4%(256/404)、远处淋巴结转移占7.9%(32/404)。初始危险度分层:低危占6.9%(28/404)、中危占53.0%(214/404)、高危占40.1%(162/404)。所有患者的131I治疗剂量为(4.2±0.9) GBq。患者其他特征见表1。
患者特征 例数(%) 病理类型 乳头状癌 385(95.3) 滤泡癌 19(4.7) T分期 T1 99(24.5) T2 77(19.1) T3 93(23.0) T4 78(19.3) Tx 57(14.1) N分期 N0 34(8.4) N1a 105(26.0) N1a+N1b 256(63.4) Nx 9(2.2) M分期 M0 372(92.1) M1 32(7.9) 表 1 404例接受131I治疗的分化型甲状腺癌患者的一般特征
Table 1. General characteristics of 404 differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients treated with 131I
-
404例DTC患者的131I平面显像共探测到了927个摄碘灶,其中头颈部841个、胸部29个、腹部24个、四肢33个。McNemar检验结果显示,SPECT/CT显像显示的头颈部淋巴结转移灶(52个)多于131I平面显像(35个)(P<0.05)。对131I平面显像及SPECT/CT显像显示的927个摄碘灶的转移、残甲和不确定性病灶3类进行McNemar-Bowker检验,结果显示,2种显像方法在摄碘灶的定性诊断中存在差异(χ2=101.69,P<0.001)。SPECT/CT对131I平面显像显示的摄碘灶的定性分析见表2。
部位 131I 平面显像 SPECT/CT显像 摄碘灶数量
(n= 927)头颈部 残留甲状腺 残留甲状腺 684 淋巴结转移 23a 淋巴结转移 淋巴结转移 15 残留甲状腺 5a 颌下腺生理性摄取 15a 不确定性病灶 残留甲状腺 85a 淋巴结转移 14a 胸部 肺转移 肺转移 10 肺部炎症灶摄取 3a 纵膈淋巴结转移 纵膈淋巴结转移 10 胸腺及食管生理性摄取 6a 腹部 肝转移 胆管生理性滞留 2a 骨转移 骨转移 3 不确定性病灶 肠道生理性滞留 15a 经期子宫的生理性滞留 1a 骨转移 3a 四肢 骨转移 骨转移 26 外伤骨折病灶摄取 1a 局部皮肤污染 6a 注:a表示SPECT/CT显像对131I平面显像显示的摄碘灶具有诊断增益价值,合计19.3%(179/927)。SPECT为单光子发射计算机体层摄影术;CT为计算机体层摄影术 表 2 SPECT/CT对131I平面显像显示的927个摄碘灶的定性分析
Table 2. Qualitative analysis of SPECT/CT imaging to 927 iodine uptake foci shown by 131I planar scans
SPECT/CT排除了131I平面显像假阳性诊断(图1A、B),定性了131I平面显像不确定性摄碘灶(图1C~F),更好地提供了病灶的解剖学部位并纠正了131I平面显像诊断错误的摄碘灶(图1G、H),11.9%(48/404)的DTC患者的SPECT/CT显像具有诊断增益价值。
图 1 术后分期为T3bN1bM0、T4aN1bM0、T4aN0M1、T3bN1bM0的甲状腺乳头状癌患者(A~B:男性,47岁;C~D:女性,58岁;E~F:女性,62岁;G~H:女性,34岁)的131I平面显像图、SPECT/CT融合显像图和CT图
Figure 1. images of 131I planar scans, SPECT/CT fusion imaging and CT imaging of papillary thyroid carcinoma carcinoma patients (A–B: male, 47 years old; C–D: female, 58 years old; E–F: female, 62 years old; G–H: female, 34 years old) with postoperative staging of T3bN1bM0, T4aN1bM0, T4aN0M1 and T3bN1bM0 respectively
-
1.7%(7/404)患者的诊疗决策发生了变化,详见表3。
年龄 性别 131I平面显像 SPECT/CT显像 影像诊断 诊疗决策 影像诊断 诊疗决策 36 女 右侧股骨转移 上调分期为M1 外伤骨折病灶摄取 维持M0分期 55 女 肝脏转移 上调分期为M1 肝总管生理性滞留 维持M0分期 66 女 右侧肱骨转移 上调分期为M1 局部皮肤污染 维持M0分期 23 女 残留甲状腺 随访监测 多发残留淋巴结转移 再次手术 34 女 残留甲状腺 随访监测 多发残留淋巴结转移 再次手术 35 男 残留甲状腺 随访监测 多发残留淋巴结转移 再次手术 39 男 残留甲状腺 随访监测 多发残留淋巴结转移 再次手术 注:SPECT为单光子发射计算机体层摄影术;CT为计算机体层摄影术 表 3 SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌患者诊疗决策的影响
Table 3. Effect of SPECT/CT imaging on diagnosis and treatment decision of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
治疗活度131I SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌患者诊断增益价值的研究
Value of post-therapeutic of 131 I SPECT/CT imaging in diagnosing patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
-
摘要:
目的 探讨治疗活度131I SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者的诊断增益价值和其对临床诊疗决策的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年5月于四川大学华西医院接受131I治疗的404例DTC患者的临床资料,其中男性89例、女性315例,年龄21~69(46.3 ± 5.9)岁。所有患者均首次行131I治疗,剂量为1.11~9.25 GBq,治疗后第5天行全身前、后位131I平面显像,同时对其探测到的摄碘灶加做SPECT/CT显像,单独依据131I平面显像和SPECT/CT显像将摄碘灶定性为残甲、颈部淋巴结转移、远处转移和不确定性病灶。依据CT的解剖定位信息,计算SPECT/CT显像对131I平面显像显示的摄碘灶的原始诊断的修正比例,从而评估SPECT/CT显像对DTC患者临床诊疗决策的影响。131I平面显像与SPECT/CT显像之间的分布差异采用McNemar和McNemar-Bowker检验进行评估。 结果 404例DTC患者的131I平面显像共检测出927个摄碘灶。SPECT/CT显像对131I平面显像显示的927个摄碘灶中的179个摄碘灶具有诊断增益价值,准确解释了131I平面显像不能定性的118个摄碘灶。SPECT/CT显像对11.9%(48/404)的DTC患者具有诊断增益价值,1.7%(7/404)患者的诊疗决策发生了改变。131I平面显像与SPECT/CT显像结果在摄碘灶定性诊断中的差异有统计学意义(χ2=101.69,P<0.001),SPECT/CT显像对颈部淋巴结转移灶的显示明显优于131I平面显像(McNemar检验,P<0.05)。 结论 治疗活度131I SPECT/CT显像对DTC患者具有诊断增益价值,并对其临床诊疗决策具有积极意义。 -
关键词:
- 碘放射性同位素 /
- 分化型甲状腺癌 /
- 体层摄影术,发射型计算机,单光子 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机
Abstract:Objective To investigate the diagnostic gain value and its effect on clinical diagnosis and treatment of post-therapeutic 131I SPECT/CT imagings in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods This retrospective study enrolled 404 DTC patients composed of 89 males and 315 females and aged 21 to 69 (46.3±5.9) years old. The patients took their first 131I therapy at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2017 and May 2020. All patients were evaluated using SPECT/CT imagings and whole-body anteroposterior position 131I planar scans five days after receiving a dose of 1.11–9.25 GBq. The 131I planar scans and the SPECT/CT imagings were evaluated independently for iodine uptake foci, which were categorized as residual thyroid, lymph node, distant metastasis and the equivocal foci. According to the anatomical location information of CT, the correction ratio of SPECT/CT imagings to the original diagnosis of iodine uptake foci shown by 131I planar scans was calculated. Then, the influence of SPECT/CT imagings on the clinical diagnosis and management of DTC patients was further assessed. McNemar test and McNemar–Bowker test were both used to assess the distribution differences between 131I planar scans and SPECT/CT imagings. Results A total of 927 iodine uptake foci were detected in the 131I planar scans of 404 DTC patients. According to the images of 131I planar scans, SPECT/CT imagings led to a revision of the original diagnosis in 179 of 927 iodine uptake foci, and 118 iodine uptake foci considered to be indeterminate based solely on the planar images were accurately classified. SPECT/CT imagings has diagnostic gain value for 11.9% (48/404) of DTC patients, and 1.7% (7/404) patients' diagnosis and treatment decisions have changed. The difference between 131I planar scans and SPECT/CT imagings in the qualitative diagnosis of iodine uptake foci was statistically significant (χ2=101.69, P<0.001). Regarding the detection of metastatic cervical lymph nodes, the characterization of the 131I uptake by SPECT/CT was significantly better than that by planar scans (McNemar test, P<0.05). Conclusion Post-therapeutic 131I SPECT/CT imagings is of positive significance in the diagnostic gain value and diagnosis and treatment of patients with DTC. -
图 1 术后分期为T3bN1bM0、T4aN1bM0、T4aN0M1、T3bN1bM0的甲状腺乳头状癌患者(A~B:男性,47岁;C~D:女性,58岁;E~F:女性,62岁;G~H:女性,34岁)的131I平面显像图、SPECT/CT融合显像图和CT图
Figure 1. images of 131I planar scans, SPECT/CT fusion imaging and CT imaging of papillary thyroid carcinoma carcinoma patients (A–B: male, 47 years old; C–D: female, 58 years old; E–F: female, 62 years old; G–H: female, 34 years old) with postoperative staging of T3bN1bM0, T4aN1bM0, T4aN0M1 and T3bN1bM0 respectively
表 1 404例接受131I治疗的分化型甲状腺癌患者的一般特征
Table 1. General characteristics of 404 differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients treated with 131I
患者特征 例数(%) 病理类型 乳头状癌 385(95.3) 滤泡癌 19(4.7) T分期 T1 99(24.5) T2 77(19.1) T3 93(23.0) T4 78(19.3) Tx 57(14.1) N分期 N0 34(8.4) N1a 105(26.0) N1a+N1b 256(63.4) Nx 9(2.2) M分期 M0 372(92.1) M1 32(7.9) 表 2 SPECT/CT对131I平面显像显示的927个摄碘灶的定性分析
Table 2. Qualitative analysis of SPECT/CT imaging to 927 iodine uptake foci shown by 131I planar scans
部位 131I 平面显像 SPECT/CT显像 摄碘灶数量
(n= 927)头颈部 残留甲状腺 残留甲状腺 684 淋巴结转移 23a 淋巴结转移 淋巴结转移 15 残留甲状腺 5a 颌下腺生理性摄取 15a 不确定性病灶 残留甲状腺 85a 淋巴结转移 14a 胸部 肺转移 肺转移 10 肺部炎症灶摄取 3a 纵膈淋巴结转移 纵膈淋巴结转移 10 胸腺及食管生理性摄取 6a 腹部 肝转移 胆管生理性滞留 2a 骨转移 骨转移 3 不确定性病灶 肠道生理性滞留 15a 经期子宫的生理性滞留 1a 骨转移 3a 四肢 骨转移 骨转移 26 外伤骨折病灶摄取 1a 局部皮肤污染 6a 注:a表示SPECT/CT显像对131I平面显像显示的摄碘灶具有诊断增益价值,合计19.3%(179/927)。SPECT为单光子发射计算机体层摄影术;CT为计算机体层摄影术 表 3 SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌患者诊疗决策的影响
Table 3. Effect of SPECT/CT imaging on diagnosis and treatment decision of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
年龄 性别 131I平面显像 SPECT/CT显像 影像诊断 诊疗决策 影像诊断 诊疗决策 36 女 右侧股骨转移 上调分期为M1 外伤骨折病灶摄取 维持M0分期 55 女 肝脏转移 上调分期为M1 肝总管生理性滞留 维持M0分期 66 女 右侧肱骨转移 上调分期为M1 局部皮肤污染 维持M0分期 23 女 残留甲状腺 随访监测 多发残留淋巴结转移 再次手术 34 女 残留甲状腺 随访监测 多发残留淋巴结转移 再次手术 35 男 残留甲状腺 随访监测 多发残留淋巴结转移 再次手术 39 男 残留甲状腺 随访监测 多发残留淋巴结转移 再次手术 注:SPECT为单光子发射计算机体层摄影术;CT为计算机体层摄影术 -
[1] Liu B, Chen Y, Jiang LS, et al. Is postablation whole-body 131I scintigraphy still necessary in intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer patients with pre-ablation stimulated thyroglobulin <1 ng/mL?[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2017, 86(1): 134−140. DOI: 10.1111/cen.13158. [2] Malamitsi JV, Koutsikos JT, Giourgouli SI, et al. I-131 postablation SPECT/CT predicts relapse of papillary thyroid carcinoma more accurately than whole body scan[J]. In Vivo, 2019, 33(6): 2255−2263. DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11731. [3] Zhang XY, Liu LN, Chen Y, et al. Prognostic value of post-ablation 131I scintigraphy in children with thyroid cancer[J]. Head Neck, 2020, 42(8): 1738−1745. DOI: 10.1002/hed.26088. [4] Xue YL, Qiu ZL, Song HJ, et al. Value of 131I SPECT/CT for the evaluation of differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review of the literature[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2013, 40(5): 768−778. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2310-x. [5] Israel O, Pellet O, Biassoni L, et al. Two decades of SPECT/CT—the coming of age of a technology: an updated review of literature evidence[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2019, 46(10): 1990−2012. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04404-6. [6] Spanu A, Nuvoli S, Gelo I, et al. Role of diagnostic 131I SPECT/CT in long-term follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma[J]. J Nucl Med, 2018, 59(10): 1510−1515. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.204636. [7] Spanu A, Nuvoli S, Marongiu A, et al. Neck lymph node metastasis detection in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in long-term follow-up: a 131I-SPECT/CT study[J/OL]. BMC Cancer, 2020, 20(1): 239[2021-10-01]. https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-020-06744-1. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06744-1. [8] Zilioli V, Peli A, Panarotto MB, et al. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma: incremental diagnostic value of 131I SPECT/CT over planar whole body scan after radioiodine therapy[J]. Endocrine, 2017, 56(3): 551−559. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1086-3. [9] 刘斌, 匡安仁. 重组人促甲状腺激素在分化型甲状腺癌诊治中的应用[J]. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2012, 29(3): 588−592.
Liu B, Kuang AR. Clinical application of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone in management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma[J]. J Biomed Eng, 2012, 29(3): 588−592.[10] 刘斌, 曾宇, 王建涛, 等. 131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌肺转移吸收剂量学评价肺安全性[J]. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2010, 27(4): 852−854.
Liu B, Zeng Y, Wang JT, et al. Lungs absorbed dose in radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with diffuse pulmonary metastases[J]. J Biomed Eng, 2010, 27(4): 852−854.[11] 刘丽娜, 张歆玥, 刘斌, 等. 首次131I治疗前刺激性Tg对儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌疗效的预测价值[J]. 中华核医学与分子影像杂志, 2020, 40(6): 324−328. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn321828-20200219-00054.
Liu LN, Zhang XY, Liu B, et al. Predictive value of stimulated thyroglobulin before the first 131I therapy for children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma[J]. Chin J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2020, 40(6): 324−328. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn321828-20200219-00054.[12] Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, et al. AJCC cancer staging manual[M]. 8th ed. Switzerland: Springer, 2017. [13] Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American thyroid association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American thyroid association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer[J]. Thyroid, 2016, 26(1): 1−133. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0020. [14] Liu LN, Zhang XY, Tian T, et al. Prognostic value of pre-ablation stimulated thyroglobulin in children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid cancer[J]. Thyroid, 2020, 30(7): 1017−1024. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0585. [15] Tian T, Jiang LS, Zhang XY, et al. Association between clinical and tumor features with postoperative thyroglobulin in pediatric papillary thyroid cancer[J]. Surgery, 2020, 168(6): 1095−1100. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.07.058. [16] Robinson TJ, Thomas S, Dinan MA, et al. How many lymph nodes are enough? Assessing the adequacy of lymph node yield for papillary thyroid cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2016, 34(28): 3434−3439. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2016.67.6437. [17] Hung ML, Wu JX, Li N, et al. Association of radioactive iodine administration after reoperation with outcomes among patients with recurrent or persistent papillary thyroid cancer[J]. JAMA Surg, 2018, 153(12): 1098−1104. DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.2659. [18] Liu B, Servaes S, Zhuang HM. SPECT/CT MIBG imaging is crucial in the follow-up of the patients with high-risk neuroblastoma[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2018, 43(4): 232−238. DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000001984. [19] Dai HY, Huang R. Radioiodine retention within dilated common biliary duct mimicking metastatic thyroid cancer diagnosed by the combination of SPECT/CT and MRI[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2020, 45(10): 787−788. DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000003054. [20] Liu LN, Chen Y, Tian T, et al. Physiologic uterine uptake of radioiodine during menstruation demonstrated by SPECT/CT[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2019, 44(12): 975−977. DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000002754. [21] Liu LN, Chen Y, Tian T, et al. An unusual false-positive uptake of radioiodine caused by metallic implants[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2019, 44(8): e495−e496. DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000002587. [22] Liu B, Tilak G, Edwards K, et al. Intense iodine activity caused by mosquito bite[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2013, 38(11): e414−e416. DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e31827a0020. [23] Kohlfuerst S, Igerc I, Lobnig M, et al. Posttherapeutic 131I SPECT-CT offers high diagnostic accuracy when the findings on conventional planar imaging are inconclusive and allows a tailored patient treatment regimen[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2009, 36(6): 886−893. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-1044-2. [24] Tian T, Chen Y, Xiang YZ, et al. Remarkable response of pulmonary metastases rather than remnant thyroid in 131I therapy of follicular thyroid cancer[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2019, 44(4): 327−329. DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000002477.