-
急性电离辐射能够导致急性辐射综合征,造血系统是辐射最敏感的器官系统,经0.5 Gy以上剂量照射后,即可观察到造血系统损伤的临床表现[1]。电离辐射引起的造血系统损伤可表现为一过性或者长期的中性粒细胞减少症、血小板减少症和淋巴细胞减少症,这主要归因于辐射造成的造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell,HSC)和祖细胞的杀伤呈剂量积累性以及某些淋巴细胞的凋亡[2]。外周血WBC的凋亡也是大多数免疫指标受到抑制的关键机制,而辐射后免疫功能的远期恢复也取决于早期胸腺祖细胞来源的骨髓衍生的HSC的恢复[3]。
芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AHR)是一类配体激活转录因子,能够被一系列芳香烃类内源性或外源性配体激活。AHR在人体除骨骼肌之外的各个器官中均有表达,其主要功能为调节异生物质的代谢酶活性。StemRegeini 1(SR1)作为高选择性AHR抑制剂,有刺激造血细胞增殖和分化的能力[4],包括体外促进HSC增殖以及体内促进造血祖细胞增殖。在骨髓移植的临床治疗中,已经有学者尝试将SR1用于体外的HSC增殖的研究[5]。本研究通过采用4 Gy X射线全身照射小鼠模型,研究SR1对造血系统中外周血血象、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平以及免疫细胞百分比等指标的影响。
芳香烃受体抑制剂SR1对小鼠造血系统辐射损伤的防护作用
Effect of aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist SR1 on radiation-induced hematopoietic system injury in mice
-
摘要:
目的 研究芳香烃受体抑制剂StemRegenin 1(SR1)对全身照射后小鼠造血系统辐射损伤的防护作用。 方法 采用随机化区组设计,将15只健康C57BL/6J小鼠分为3组:对照组、4 Gy照射组(简称照射组)和4 Gy照射+SR1组(简称照射给药组),每组5只。照射给药组在照射前5 d至照射后5 d连续灌胃给予SR1(50 mg/kg),4 Gy γ射线全身照射后第9天处死小鼠,取外周血和单侧股骨细胞,使用全自动血液分析仪检测外周血白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、骨髓有核细胞(BMNC)等计数;采用粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)实验检测骨髓细胞增殖能力;使用流式细胞仪检测BMNC和造血干细胞(HSC)中的活性氧(ROS)水平、还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶4(NOX4)水平和外周血中免疫细胞百分比。组间两两比较采用Student t检验。 结果 与照射组相比,照射给药组小鼠外周血中WBC[(3.060±0.650)×109个/mL对(4.680±1.134)×109个/mL,t=2.770,P<0.05]和BMNC[(28.375±6.811)×109个/mL对(49.125±12.532)×109个/mL,t=3.231,P<0.05)]数量均明显增加;与对照组相比,照射给药组RBC数量明显减少(t=4.301,P<0.05)。与照射组相比,照射给药组CFU-GM明显升高(3.4±1.7对13.6±6.7),且差异有统计学意义(t=3.323,P<0.05);照射给药组小鼠的BMNC和HSC中ROS水平明显降低( t=3.962、2.530,均P<0.05),同时BMNC和HSC中NOX4水平亦明显降低( t=2.310、2.848,均P<0.05);照射给药组小鼠CD3+ T细胞百分比明显升高 [(8.512±3.716)%对(16.140±1.969)%,t=4.056,P<0.05],B220+ B细胞百分比亦明显升高 [(0.608±0.267)% 对(7.240±2.828)%,t=4.027,P<0.05]。 结论 芳香烃受体抑制剂SR1对全身照射造成的小鼠造血系统辐射损伤有一定的保护作用。 -
关键词:
- 辐射损伤 /
- 造血系统 /
- 辐射防护剂 /
- 芳香烃受体 /
- StemRegenin 1
Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist StemRegenin 1 (SR1) on the hematopoietic system injury of mice exposed to whole-body radiation. Methods Fifteen C57BL/6J mice were randomized block design to three groups (n=5) in a randomized block design as follows: control, 4 Gy, 4 Gy+SR1. Mice in the 4 Gy+SR1 group were administered SR1 (50 mg/kg) by gavage from 5 d before irradiation to 5 d after irradiation. All of the mice were sacrificed on the ninth day after 4 Gy γ-ray whole-body radiation. Peripheral blood and unilateral femoral cell were harvested and tested by an automatic hematology analyzer for white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) counting. The number of colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) was counted to assess the proliferation of bone marrow cells, and a flow cytometer was used to analyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression of BNMC and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The proportion of immunocytes in peripheral blood was also checked. Student's t-test was applied to compare differences between two groups. Results Compared with those of the 4 Gy group, the WBC ((3.060±0.650)×109/mL vs. (4.680±1.134)×109/mL, t=2.770, P<0.05) and BMNC ((28.375±6.811)×109/mL vs. (49.125±12.532)×109/mL, t=3.231, P<0.05) counts of the 4 Gy+SR1 group increased significantly. By contrast, RBC counts in the 4 Gy+SR1 group markedly decreased (t=4.301, P<0.05) compared with those in the control group. CFU-GM was higher in the 4 Gy+SR1 group than in the 4 Gy group (3.4±1.7 vs. 13.6±6.7, t=3.323, P<0.05). The ROS levels of BMNC and HSC were obviously induced by radiation but could be rescued by SR1 treatment. Compared with that in the 4 Gy group, the ROS level in the 4 Gy+SR1 group significantly decreased in BMNC (t=3.962, P<0.05) and HSC (t=2.530, P<0.05). Changes in NOX4 expression levels were consistent with those of ROS levels after radiation. The NOX4 expression of BMNC and HSC markedly decreased in the 4 Gy+SR1 group compared with that in the 4 Gy group (t=2.310, 2.848; both P<0.05). SR1 could promote immunocytes proportions. The CD3+ T cell proportion increased in the 4 Gy+SR1 group compared with that in the 4 Gy group ((8.512±3.716)% vs. (16.140±1.969)%, t=4.056, P<0.05). In addition, the B220+ cell proportion in the 4 Gy+SR1 group increased compared with that in the 4 Gy group ((0.608±0.267)% vs. (7.240±2.828)%, t=4.027, P<0.05). Conclusion The AHR antagonist SR1 could alleviate radiation-induced hematopoietic system injury in mice. -
图 2 SR1对4 Gy γ射线全身照射后小鼠BMNC和HSC中ROS、NOX4 水平以及免疫细胞的影响
Figure 2. Effects of StemRegenin 1 on the levels of reactive oxygen species and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 in the bone marrow nucleated cells and hematopoietic stem cells, and immunocytes of mice exposed to 4 Gy γ-ray whole-body radiation
-
[1] Baranov A, Gale RP. Blood cell changes after radiation exposure[J]. Bone Marrow Transplant, 1988, 3(5): 523. [2] Anno GH, Baum SJ, Withers HR, et al. Symptomatology of acute radiation effects in humans after exposure to doses of 0.5-30 Gy[J]. Health Phys, 1989, 56(6): 821−838. DOI: 10.1097/00004032-198906000-00001. [3] Schwarz BA, Bhandoola A. Trafficking from the bone marrow to the thymus: a prerequisite for thymopoiesis[J]. Immunol Rev, 2006, 209(1): 47−57. DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00350.x. [4] Boitano AE, Wang J, Romeo R, et al. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonists promote the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells[J]. Science, 2010, 329(5997): 1345−1348. DOI: 10.1126/science.1191536. [5] Wagner JE Jr, Brunstein CG, Boitano AE, et al. Phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ Trial of StemRegenin-1 expanded umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells supports testing as a stand-alone graft[J]. Cell Stem Cell, 2016, 18(1): 144−155. DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.10.004. [6] 李德冠, 唐卫生, 牟感恩, 等. 5-甲氧基色胺-α-硫辛酸盐对6.0 Gy受照小鼠造血系统的辐射防护作用[J]. 国际放射医学核医学杂志, 2017, 41(1): 19−22. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.01.004.
Li DG, Tang WS, Mu GE, et al. Protective effects of 5-methoxytryptamine-α-lipoic acid salt on mice exposed to 6.0 Gy total body irradiation[J]. Int J Radiat Med Nucl Med, 2017, 41(1): 19−22. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.01.004.[7] Gale RP, Armitage JO, Hashmi SK. Emergency response to radiological and nuclear accidents and incidents[J]. Br J Haematol, 2021, 192(6): 968−972. DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16138. [8] Stewart FA, Akleyev AV, Hauer-Jensen M, et al. ICRP publication 118: ICRP statement on tissue reactions and early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs—threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context[J]. Ann ICRP, 2012, 41(1/2): 1−322. DOI: 10.1016/j.icrp.2012.02.001. [9] Wang MF, Dong YP, Wu J, et al. Sitagliptin mitigates total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic injury in mice[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020, 2020: 8308616. DOI: 10.1155/2020/8308616. [10] Kim HR, Kim JC, Kang SY, et al. Rapamycin alleviates 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Induced aggravated dermatitis in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis by inducing autophagy[J/OL]. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(8): 3968[2021-04-26]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33921372. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083968. [11] Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Filippidis G, et al. Reoxygenation induces reactive oxygen species production and ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor[J]. Mol Med Rep, 2021, 23(1): 41. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11679. [12] Villa M, Gialitakis M, Tolaini M, et al. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required for optimal B-cell proliferation[J]. EMBO J, 2017, 36(1): 116−128. DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695027. [13] Vaidyanathan B, Chaudhry A, Yewdell WT, et al. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls cell-fate decisions in B cells[J]. J Exp Med, 2017, 214(1): 197−208. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160789.