-
原发灶不明的淋巴结转移癌主要包括转移性鳞癌和腺癌。Nakamura等[1]认为,在原发灶不明的淋巴结转移癌中鳞癌约占81.1%,其预后较好;腺癌约占7.6%,其中65%来自颈外(肺、胃肠道等),且预后较差。原发灶不明的淋巴结转移癌患者的原发灶通常比较隐匿,常缺乏典型的临床症状,虽采用多种影像学技术检测,往往也难以发现这些病灶,给临床诊断和治疗带来了较大的困难。PET/CT作为一种全身显像技术,兼具功能显像和解剖显像的优势,能够有效避免病灶的遗漏,对于恶性肿瘤的检出有着较高的灵敏度和特异度[2]。但是,18F-FDG PET/CT在原发灶不明的淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者原发灶检测中的具体价值、这类原发恶性肿瘤的相关临床表现及其他常规手段难以检出的原因仍鲜见报道,且无定论[3-4]。为了探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者原发灶检测中的临床价值,本研究对淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者的18F-FDG PET/CT显像结果及临床相关资料进行了回顾性研究,现报道如下。
-
56例淋巴结转移灶鳞癌患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检测原发灶阳性44例,其中真阳性42例、假阳性2例,检出率为75.0%(42/56)。42例真阳性分别为鼻咽癌26例、喉癌4例、扁桃腺癌3例、颌下腺癌1例、食管癌3例、肺癌3例、宫颈癌2例;2例假阳性均为鼻咽部炎症误诊为鼻咽癌。PET/CT检测原发灶假阴性1例,为鼻咽癌误诊为鼻咽部炎症。另外11例患者18F-FDG PET/CT未发现原发灶,其中1例在1年后的PET/CT随访中确诊为肺癌;其余10例至随访结束仍未找到原发灶(其中5例死亡)。
-
56例淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者中,中上颈部淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者49例,PET/CT检出37例(表1),检出率为75.5%(37/49),其中头颈部肿瘤33例[占89.2%(33/37),分别为鼻咽癌(图1)25例、扁桃体癌3例、颌下腺癌1例、喉癌4例],非头颈部肿瘤4例[占10.8%(4/37),分别为肺癌2例、食管癌1例、宫颈癌1例];锁骨上淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者5例,PET/CT检出4例,检出率为80.0%(4/5),其中头颈部肿瘤1例(鼻咽癌),非头颈部肿瘤3例(食管癌2例、宫颈癌1例);腋下淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者1例,原发灶未检出;腹膜后淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者1例,原发灶为肺癌(PET/CT检出)。
肿瘤原发灶 淋巴结转移灶部位 中上颈部 锁骨上 腹膜后 鼻咽癌 25 1 − 扁桃体癌 3 − − 颌下腺癌 1 − − 喉癌 4 − − 肺癌 2 − 1 食管癌 1 2 − 宫颈癌 1 1 − 总计 37 4 1 注:FDG为氟脱氧葡萄糖;PET/CT为正电子发射断层显像计算机体层摄影术。−表示无此项数据 表 1 18F-FDG PET/CT检出的42例淋巴结转移性鳞癌真阳 性患者淋巴结转移灶部位和肿瘤原发灶的情况(例)
Table 1. Relationship between lymph node metastasis and primary tumor in 42 patients with lymph node metastatic squamous cell carcinoma detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT (case)
-
56例淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检出原发灶44例,其中5例淋巴结转移灶检查时已被局部切除,2例为误诊(假阳性),故最终纳入双变量相关分析的共37例,分析结果表明,原发灶与淋巴结转移灶的SUVmax在一定程度上具有一致性(r=0.320,P=0.027)。
-
56例淋巴结转移性鳞癌患者中,分化程度明确者30例,其中低分化癌25例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像检出原发灶19例(检出率76.0%);中、高分化癌5例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像检出全部原发灶(检出率100%)。
18F-FDG PET/CT检测淋巴结转移性鳞癌原发灶的价值
The value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in detecting the primary foci of lymph node metastatic squamous cell carcinoma
-
摘要:
目的 探讨18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG) PET/CT在淋巴结转移性鳞癌原发灶检测中的临床应用价值。 方法 选取2018年3月至2020年11月于广东省佛山市禅城区中心医院因发现淋巴结转移性鳞癌而原发灶不明行全身18F-FDG PET/CT检查的56例患者进行回顾性研究,其中男性44例、女性12例,年龄19~81岁,中位年龄51岁。所有患者的淋巴结转移性鳞癌均于18F-FDG PET/CT显像前经组织病理学检查确诊,原发灶经组织病理学检查或临床随访确诊。分析并计算18F-FDG PET/CT检测原发灶的检出率;原发灶与淋巴结转移部位、最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax)的关系。采用双变量相关分析法分析原发灶与淋巴结转移灶的SUVmax的相关性。 结果 56例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检测原发灶阳性44例(真阳性42例、假阳性2例),检出率为75.0%;假阴性1例(鼻咽癌);11例患者18F-FDG PET/CT未发现原发灶。双变量相关分析结果显示,原发灶与淋巴结转移灶的SUVmax在一定程度上具有一致性(r=0.320,P<0.05)。 结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对淋巴结转移性鳞癌的不明原发灶检测具有较好的临床应用价值,淋巴结转移灶与原发灶的18F-FDG代谢强度存在良好的相关性。 -
关键词:
- 肿瘤,未知原发灶 /
- 淋巴结转移 /
- 癌,鳞状细胞 /
- 氟脱氧葡萄糖F18 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 最大标准化摄取值
Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in detecting primary foci by analyzing images of squamous carcinoma patients with lymph node metastatic. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 56 patients (44 males and 12 females, aged 19−81, with a median age of 51), who underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of metastatic squamous carcinoma with unknown primary foci during March 2018 to November 2020 at the Central Hospital of Chancheng District of Foshan City in Guangdong Province. Prior to imaging, the diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed by pathological examination in all patients, and the primary foci were confirmed by pathological examination or clinical follow-up. To analyze and calculate the detection rate of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of primary lesion and the relationship between primary lesion and lymph node metastasis and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). SUVmax of primary tumor and lymph node metastasis were analyzed by bivariable correlation analysis. Results Among 56 patients, 44 positive cases (42 true positive cases and 2 false positive cases) were detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT, with a detection rate of 75.0% and 1 false negative (nasopharyngeal carcinoma). Primary foci in 11 patients remained unfound by 18F-FDG PET/CT. The SUVmax of primary and metastatic foci were consistent to some extent (r=0.320, P<0.05). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging has good clinical value for the detection of unspecified primary foci in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, and there is a good correlation between the intensity of glucose metabolism in the primary foci and metastatic foci. -
表 1 18F-FDG PET/CT检出的42例淋巴结转移性鳞癌真阳 性患者淋巴结转移灶部位和肿瘤原发灶的情况(例)
Table 1. Relationship between lymph node metastasis and primary tumor in 42 patients with lymph node metastatic squamous cell carcinoma detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT (case)
肿瘤原发灶 淋巴结转移灶部位 中上颈部 锁骨上 腹膜后 鼻咽癌 25 1 − 扁桃体癌 3 − − 颌下腺癌 1 − − 喉癌 4 − − 肺癌 2 − 1 食管癌 1 2 − 宫颈癌 1 1 − 总计 37 4 1 注:FDG为氟脱氧葡萄糖;PET/CT为正电子发射断层显像计算机体层摄影术。−表示无此项数据 -
[1] Nakamura A, Iguchi H, Takayama M, et al. Metastatic carcinoma of the neck from unknown primary sites[J]. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho, 2003, 106(6): 671−677. DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.106.671. [2] 李嘉旭, 许璐, 李梦丹, 等. 18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像对原发不明转移瘤患者原发灶检出价值的Meta分析[J]. 第三军医大学学报, 2020, 42(13): 1360−1369. DOI: 10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002104.
Li JX, Xu L, Li MD, et al. Diagnostic value of whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in metastatic cancer of unknown primary: a Meta-analysis[J]. J Third Mil Med Univ, 2020, 42(13): 1360−1369. DOI: 10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002104.[3] Rudmik L, Lau HY, Matthews TW, et al. Clinical utility of PET/CT in the evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with an unknown primary: a prospective clinical trial[J]. Head Neck, 201l, 33(7): 935−940. DOI: 10.1002/hed.21566. [4] Deron PB, Bonte KM, Vermeersch HF, et al. Lymph node metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary in the upper and middle neck: impact of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography[J]. Cancer Biother Radiopharm, 2011, 26(3): 331−334. DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0918. [5] Chen WQ, Zheng RS, Zuo TT, et al. National cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2012[J]. Chin J Cancer Res, 2016, 28(1): 1−11. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.02.08. [6] Chen WQ, Zheng RS, Zhang SW, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2013[J]. Cancer Lett, 2017, 401: 63−71. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.024. [7] Chen WQ, Sun KX, Zheng RS, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2014[J]. Chin J Cancer Res, 2018, 30(1): 1−12. DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2018.01.01. [8] 郑荣寿, 顾秀瑛, 李雪婷, 等. 2000−2014年中国肿瘤登记地区癌症发病趋势及年龄变化分析[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2018, 52(6): 593−600. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.06.007.
Zheng RS, Gu XY, Li XT, et al. Analysis on the trend of cancer incidence and age change in cancer registry areas of China, 2000 to 2014[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2018, 52(6): 593−600. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.06.007.[9] 温树信, 张庆丰, 王鑫, 等. 原发灶不明的颈部淋巴结转移癌诊治策略[J]. 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2019, 33(11): 1014−1016. DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.11.002.
Wen SX, Zhang QF, Wang X, et al. The scheme of diagnosis and treatment on metastatic cervical carcinomas from an unknown primary[J]. J Clin Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg (China), 2019, 33(11): 1014−1016. DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.11.002.[10] Kazmierczak PM, Nikolaou K, Rominger A, et al. Radiological diagnostics in CUP syndrome[J]. Radiologe, 2014, 54(2): 117−123. DOI: 10.1007/s00117-013-2547-9. [11] AAssar OS, Fischbein NJ, Caputo GR, et al. Metastatic head and neck cancer: role and usefulness of FDG PET in locating occult primary tumors[J]. Radiology, 1999, 210(1): 177−181. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.210.1.r99ja48177. [12] Wei KR, Zheng RS, Zhang SW, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence and mortality in China, 2013[J]. Chin J Cancer, 2017, 36(1): 90. DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0257-9. [13] Al-Brahim N, Ross C, Carter B, et al. The value of postmortem examination in cases of metastasis of unknown origin-20-year retrospective data from a tertiary care center[J]. Ann Diagn Pathol, 2005, 9(2): 77−80. DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2004.12.003. [14] 王文萍. 实用肿瘤转移学[M]. 沈阳: 辽宁科学技术出版社, 2003: 20.
Wang WP. Practical oncology metastasis[M]. Shenyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House, 2003: 20.[15] 王成锋, 赵平. 应重视不明原发灶肿瘤的临床研究[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2006, 86(26): 1801−1803. DOI: 10.3760/j:issn:0376-2491.2006.26.001.
Wang CF, Zhao P. Clinical research of cancers of unknown primary deserves special emphasis[J]. Natl Med J China, 2006, 86(26): 1801−1803. DOI: 10.3760/j:issn:0376-2491.2006.26.001.[16] 刘方颖, 王全师, 裴著果. 非小细胞肺癌18F-FDG PET显像与增殖细胞核抗原表达的关系[J]. 中华核医学杂志, 2003, 23(1): 14−16. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2003.01.004.
Liu FY, Wang QS, Pei ZG. 18F-FDG uptake in PET imaging correlates with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Chin J Uncl Med, 2003, 23(1): 14−16. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2003.01.004.[17] 殷玉林, 唐平章, 徐国镇, 等. 颈部原发不明转移癌的治疗与转归[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 1999, 21(3): 230−232. DOI: 10.3760/j.issn:0253-3766.1999.03.021.
Yin YL, Tang PZ, Xu GZ, et al. Treatment and outcome of cervical lymph nodal metastases of unknown primary sites[J]. Chin J Oncol, 1999, 21(3): 230−232. DOI: 10.3760/j.issn:0253-3766.1999.03.021.[18] 徐晓辉, 何涛, 王欢. 18F-FDG PET/CT在胃癌术后复发及转移监测中的应用[J]. 中国CT和MRI杂志, 2021, 19(10): 152−154. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5131.2021.10.049.
Xu XH, He T, Wang H. Application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in monitoring of recurrence and metastasis after gastric cancer surgery[J]. Chin J CT MRI, 2021, 19(10): 152−154. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5131.2021.10.049.[19] Zhao L, Chen SY, Chen SJ, et al. 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET/CT on gross tumour volume delineation for radiotherapy planning of oesophageal cancer[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2021, 158: 55−61. DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.02.015. [20] Hicks RJ, Roselt PJ, Kallur KG, et al. FAPI PET/CT: will it end the hegemony of 18F-FDG in oncology?[J]. J Nucl Med, 2021, 62(3): 296−302. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.256271.