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DNA作为细胞遗传信息的载体,暴露于电离辐射或有毒化学物质中可造成严重的结构和功能损伤[1]。尽管细胞具有多种修复DNA损伤的途径,但DNA损伤(尤其是DNA双链断裂)通常难以得到完全、有效的修复,从而导致一系列不良反应,包括细胞代谢紊乱、增殖失控、凋亡受阻、癌变以及治疗耐受等。环状RNA(circular RNA,CircRNA)是一类经反向剪接形成的环状非编码RNA,具有序列保守、不易降解和细胞组织特异性等特点。随着CircRNA分子生物学效应研究的进一步深入,CircRNA自身稳定的化学性质使其在细胞内无需较高丰度就能发挥与其他非编码RNA同等水平的调控效应,故其在细胞周期调控、DNA损伤修复等重要领域的作用逐渐引起研究者的关注。
环状RNA在DNA损伤修复中作用的研究进展
Research progress on the role of circular RNA in DNA damage repair
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摘要: 环状RNA(CircRNA)是一类由外显子、内含子或基因间区经反向剪接形成的非编码RNA,具有种类丰富、序列保守、结构稳定和细胞组织特异性等特点。CircRNA在多种恶性肿瘤中处于失调状态,其可通过调节放化疗后细胞DNA双链断裂的损伤修复功能,使肿瘤细胞发生增殖失控、远处转移和凋亡受阻等一系列不良反应,进而影响治疗效果和预后。笔者综述了CircRNA的分子生物学特性及其在DNA损伤修复(特别是DNA双链断裂损伤修复)中发挥的作用,并对CircRNA在肿瘤患者的治疗、预后和减轻放化疗产生的不良反应等方面可能发挥的作用进行展望。Abstract: Circular RNA (CircRNA), synthesized through reverse splicing of exons, introns or intergene regions, are characterized by abundant species, conserved sequence, stable structure, tissue specificity, etc. Disordered in many malignant tumors, CircRNA can adjust the repair function of cell DNA double-strand break damage after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, causing a series of adverse reactions such as carcinoma proliferation, distant metastasis and decreased apoptosis, which in turn affects treatment effect and prognosis. In this article, the authors review the molecular biological characteristics of CircRNA and its role in DNA damage repair, especially DNA double-strand break damage repair, and prospect the practical use in further treatment, prognosis and alleviation of adverse reactions of patients.
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Key words:
- RNA /
- DNA damage /
- Radiotherapy /
- RNA, circular
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