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随着人们健康意识的普及提高和医学诊疗手段的日新月异,临床上偶然被发现的、无症状的肾癌比例越来越高[1]。手术是肾癌主要的治疗手段,从根治性肾脏切除术(radical nephrectomy,RN)到保留肾单位术(nephron-sparing surgery,NSS),从传统的开放性手术到腹腔镜、机器人辅助手术,无论哪种方式都需要全面的术前评估,特别是术前左、右分肾功能判断,这关系着手术方案的选择和患者的预后[2]。肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)是公认的衡量肾脏功能最准确的指标[1]。本研究通过99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像Gate's法[3]测定单侧单发肾癌患者术前患肾(肾癌侧)与健肾(对侧)的GFR,并与处于中国肾癌高发年龄段的健康人群的单肾GFR进行比较,分析肾癌患者患肾与健肾的GFR特点,为临床治疗决策提供有价值的信息。
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由表1可知,肾癌组与对照组的性别比、年龄、吸烟情况、体重指数、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、动脉粥样硬化指数、血红蛋白、血清肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr)、尿素和尿酸的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。
组别 男/女
(例)年龄
(岁)吸烟/
不吸烟(例)体重
指数(kg/㎡)收缩压
(mm Hg)舒张压
(mm Hg)空腹血糖
(mmol/L)动脉粥样
硬化指数血红蛋白
(g/L)血清肌酐
(μmol/L)尿素
(mmol/L)尿酸
(μmol/L)肾癌组(n=50) 32/18 54.2±9.7 19/31 23.4±6.5 121±11 83±8 4.4±1.7 2.7±0.6 131±12 67.9±9.5 6.6±1.6 310.3±98.5 对照组(n=60) 36/24 56.1±8.6 22/38 21.5±3.9 118±9 85±7 4.6±1.5 2.5±0.8 136±11 71.7±6.7 6.1±1.9 297.4±94.1 检验值 χ2=0.185 t=1.090 χ2=0.021 t=1.895 t=1.575 t=1.399 t=0.656 t=1.460 t=1.980 t=1.955 t=1.476 t=0.702 P值 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 注:1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa 表 1 肾癌组与对照组各项临床资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical data between renal cancer group and control group
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由表2可知,肾癌组总肾GFR与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P=0.908);肾癌组患肾GFR低于对照组单肾GFR,健肾GFR高于对照组单肾GFR,且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
组别 总肾GFR 患肾GFR 健肾GFR 肾癌组(n=50) 103.9±15.9 47.4±13.0 56.1±10.9 对照组(n=60) 103.2±10.6 51.2±5.9 51.2±5.9 检验值 t=0.116 t=−2.248 t=2.837 P值 P=0.908 P=0.029 P=0.006 注:GFR为肾小球滤过率 表 2 肾癌组与对照组总肾和单肾GFR的比较(
±s,mL/min)$\bar x $ Table 2. Comparison of total and split glomerular filtration rate between renal carcinoma group and control group (
±s, mL/min)$\bar x $ 本研究的50例肾癌患者中,21例患者患肾与健肾GFR占总肾GFR的百分比之差的绝对值>10%:其中10%<百分比之差≤20%有10例,20%<百分比之差≤30%有4例,30%<百分比之差≤40%有6例,1例百分比之差为74%。
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50例肾癌患者总肾、患肾、健肾的GFR分别与天津医科大学第二医院核医学科建立的不同年龄段健康人群的总肾、单肾GFR的参考值进行比较,各范围例数分布见表3。
项目 高于参考
值上限在参考值
范围内低于参考
值下限总肾GFR(与总肾参考值比较) 0 49 1 患肾GFR(与单肾参考值比较) 4 35 11 健肾GFR(与单肾参考值比较) 16 31 3 注:41~50岁健康人群总肾GFR的参考值为81.1~141.2 mL/min,单肾GFR的参考值为40.1~70.4 mL/min;51~60岁健康人群总肾GFR的参考值为76.2~127.3 mL/min,单肾GFR的参考值为38.2~63.5 mL/min;61~70岁健康人群总肾GFR的参考值为70.4~114.9 mL/min,单肾GFR的参考值为35.4~57.4 mL/min。GFR为肾小球滤过率 表 3 50例肾癌患者GFR与健康人群参考值比较的例数分布(例)
Table 3. Distribution of glomerular filtration rate in 50 renal cancer patients compared with reference range (case)
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50例肾癌患者经CKD-EPI法计算的总肾GFR为(120.1±26.1) mL/(min·1.73 m2),Gate's法测定的总肾GFR为(103.9±15.9) mL/min,经体表面积标准化后的总肾 GFR 为(108.7±13.4) mL/(min·1.73 m2),两者的差异有统计学意义(t=3.765,P<0.05),且有相关性(r=0.54,P<0.05)。
单侧单发肾癌患者术前分肾GFR的测定与分析
Measurement and analysis of split GFR in patients with a single unilateral renal cancer preoperatively
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摘要:
目的 分析核素肾动态显像Gate's法测定的单侧单发肾癌患者总肾、患肾及健肾肾小球滤过率(GFR)的特点。 方法 收集2018年1月至2019年12月于天津医科大学第二医院就诊的50例单侧单发肾癌患者(肾癌组)[其中男性32例、女性18例,年龄43~65(54.2±9.7)岁]的术前临床资料,并以中国肾癌高发年龄段(47~68岁)的60名健康受试者[其中男性36名、女性24名,年龄(56.1±8.6)岁]为对照组进行回顾性研究。肾癌组患者术前与对照组同期均行99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)肾动态显像,比较2组受试者的临床指标、总肾及单肾GFR。肾癌组总肾GFR与对照组总肾GFR,肾癌组患肾、健肾GFR与对照组单肾GFR的比较均采用独立样本t检验。观察肾癌组患者中非对称肾功能的发生情况和健肾代偿情况,比较慢性肾脏病学流行病学合作研究公式和Gate's法计算肾癌组总肾GFR的差异,并采用Pearson相关性分析进行分析。 结果 肾癌组与对照组的性别比、年龄、吸烟情况、体重指数、血压、空腹血糖、动脉粥样硬化指数、血红蛋白、血清肌酐、尿素和尿酸等各项临床指标的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.185、0.021,t=0.656~1.980,均P>0.05)。肾癌组患者总肾GFR[(103.9±15.9) mL/min]与对照组[(103.2±10.6) mL/min]相比,差异无统计学意义(t=0.116,P=0.908)。与对照组单肾GFR[(51.2±5.9 ) mL/min]相比,肾癌组患肾GFR[(47.4±13.0) mL/min]明显降低,健肾GFR[(56.1±10.9) mL/min]明显升高,且差异均有统计学意义(t=−2.248、2.837,均 P <0.05)。50例肾癌患者中,21例患者患肾与健肾GFR占总肾GFR的百分比之差的绝对值>10%;16例患者健肾GFR高于同年龄段健康人群单肾GFR参考值范围的上限。慢性肾脏病学流行病学合作研究公式和Gate's法分别计算肾癌组总肾GFR的差异有统计学意义[(120.1±26.1) mL/(min·1.73 m2)vs. (108.7±13.4) mL/(min·1.73 m2),t=3.765,P<0.05]且二者具有相关性(r=0.54,P<0.05)。 结论 核素肾动态显像Gate's法可获得患肾和健肾GFR变化的准确信息,为肾癌患者治疗方案的确定提供依据。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the characteristics of total glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and single GFR measured by Gate's method for radionuclide renal dynamic imaging measured by Gate's method for radionuclide renal dynamic imaging in patients with single unilateral renal cancer and to provide relevant information for clinical therapy. Methods A total of 50 patients (including 32 males and 18 females, age 43–65(54.2±9.7) years) with single unilateral renal cell cancer (renal cancer group) were collected from the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019, and 60 healthy adults (36 males and 24 females, age 47–68(56.1±8.6) years) with high incidence age of renal cancer in China were selected as the control group to conduct a retrospective study. 99Tcm-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) renal dynamic imaging was performed in the renal cancer and control groups at the same time. The clinical data, total GFR, and split GFR of both groups were compared. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the total GFR and split GFR in both groups. To observe the incidence of asymmetric renal function and renal compensation in patients with renal cancer, the difference of total GFR calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation and Gate's method in the renal cancer group was compared, and correlation analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results No significant difference was observed in gender ratio, age, smoking status, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, atherosclerosis index, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid in both groups (χ2=0.185, 0.021, t=0.656–1.980, all P>0.05). No significant difference was observed in the total GFR in both groups((103.9±15.9) mL/min vs. (103.2±10.6) mL/min, t=0.116, P=0.908). Compared with the single kidney GFR of the control group ((51.2±5.9) mL/min), GFR of tumor-lateral renal ((47.4±13.0) mL/min) was significantly decreased, GFR of contra-lateral normal renal (56.1±10.9) mL/min was significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (t=−2.248, 2.837; both P<0.05). The absolute value of the percentage difference between GFR in split kidney and total kidney was greater than 10% in 21 of the 50 patients. In 16 patients, the GFR of contralateral normal renal was higher than the superior limit of the reference range of split kidney GFR in healthy people of the same age. The difference between the two methods (chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation and Gate's method) in the total GFR of renal cancer group was statistically significant ((120.1±26.1) mL/(min·1.73 m2) vs. (108.7±13.4) mL/(min·1.73 m2) , t=3.765, P<0.05) and they were correlated (r=0.54, P<0.05). Conclusion 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging preoperatively can obtain accurate information about the GFR of the kidney, which has significant value for the decision-making of therapeutic regimen. -
表 1 肾癌组与对照组各项临床资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical data between renal cancer group and control group
组别 男/女
(例)年龄
(岁)吸烟/
不吸烟(例)体重
指数(kg/㎡)收缩压
(mm Hg)舒张压
(mm Hg)空腹血糖
(mmol/L)动脉粥样
硬化指数血红蛋白
(g/L)血清肌酐
(μmol/L)尿素
(mmol/L)尿酸
(μmol/L)肾癌组(n=50) 32/18 54.2±9.7 19/31 23.4±6.5 121±11 83±8 4.4±1.7 2.7±0.6 131±12 67.9±9.5 6.6±1.6 310.3±98.5 对照组(n=60) 36/24 56.1±8.6 22/38 21.5±3.9 118±9 85±7 4.6±1.5 2.5±0.8 136±11 71.7±6.7 6.1±1.9 297.4±94.1 检验值 χ2=0.185 t=1.090 χ2=0.021 t=1.895 t=1.575 t=1.399 t=0.656 t=1.460 t=1.980 t=1.955 t=1.476 t=0.702 P值 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 注:1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa 表 2 肾癌组与对照组总肾和单肾GFR的比较(
±s,mL/min)$\bar x $ Table 2. Comparison of total and split glomerular filtration rate between renal carcinoma group and control group (
±s, mL/min)$\bar x $ 组别 总肾GFR 患肾GFR 健肾GFR 肾癌组(n=50) 103.9±15.9 47.4±13.0 56.1±10.9 对照组(n=60) 103.2±10.6 51.2±5.9 51.2±5.9 检验值 t=0.116 t=−2.248 t=2.837 P值 P=0.908 P=0.029 P=0.006 注:GFR为肾小球滤过率 表 3 50例肾癌患者GFR与健康人群参考值比较的例数分布(例)
Table 3. Distribution of glomerular filtration rate in 50 renal cancer patients compared with reference range (case)
项目 高于参考
值上限在参考值
范围内低于参考
值下限总肾GFR(与总肾参考值比较) 0 49 1 患肾GFR(与单肾参考值比较) 4 35 11 健肾GFR(与单肾参考值比较) 16 31 3 注:41~50岁健康人群总肾GFR的参考值为81.1~141.2 mL/min,单肾GFR的参考值为40.1~70.4 mL/min;51~60岁健康人群总肾GFR的参考值为76.2~127.3 mL/min,单肾GFR的参考值为38.2~63.5 mL/min;61~70岁健康人群总肾GFR的参考值为70.4~114.9 mL/min,单肾GFR的参考值为35.4~57.4 mL/min。GFR为肾小球滤过率 -
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