-
前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)是发生于前列腺上皮的恶性肿瘤,其发生发展与遗传、年龄和环境等诸多因素相关。流行病学研究结果表明,近年来,随着我国人口年龄结构的变化、筛查的普及,PCa的发病率及病死率呈逐年递增趋势,且已位居我国70岁以上老年男性泌尿生殖系统肿瘤发病率的第1位[1]。经直肠超声、CT、MRI、PET/CT等影像学检查方法在PCa的早期诊断及分期方面均有一定的应用价值,但随着临床应用和相关研究的进展,这些方法均存在一定的局限性,限制了对PCa的诊断、分期及治疗决策的准确判断[2]。因此,研究者也在不断探究以期寻找到更加优化的替代性方法。在此,笔者综合分析PCa各种影像学诊断方法的优缺点及其在相关方面的新应用,希望能给临床医师提供研究思路。
前列腺癌的影像学诊断方法及PET/CT显像剂应用进展
Advances in imaging diagnosis of prostate cancer and the application of PET/CT imaging agents
-
摘要: 近些年,我国前列腺癌(PCa)的发病率及病死率逐渐增高,并且PCa的早期诊断及准确分期仍是一大难题,多数患者确诊时已为晚期,生存预后较差。目前,MRI、CT、PET/CT等影像学检查方法是对PCa进行诊断及分期的主要手段,但这些方法在应用的过程中亦被发现存在一定的局限性,因此需要不断进行探索和优化。尤其是PET/CT各种显像剂的应用,大大提高了对PCa的诊断灵敏度及特异度,在PCa的早期诊断、及时治疗、临床分期及预后评估等各方面均展示出良好的前景。笔者就这几种常用影像学方法及PET/CT显像剂的应用展开综述,总结它们的优势、不足及新的应用进展,旨在能为临床医师提供参考。
-
关键词:
- 前列腺肿瘤 /
- 磁共振成像 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术
Abstract: In China, the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) are increasing gradually, and the early diagnosis and accurate staging of PCa patients is still a major problem. Therefore, most patients have been diagnosed with advanced stage, leading to poor survival prognosis. MRI, CT, PET/CT and other imaging examinations are currently the main means for the diagnosis and staging of PCa, but these methods have also been found to have certain limitations, so they are constantly being explored and optimized. In particular, the application of various imaging agents in PET/CT has greatly improved the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PCa and shows a good prospect in the early diagnosis, timely treatment, clinical staging and prognosis evaluation of PCa. In this paper, these common imaging methods and PET/CT imaging agents are discussed; their advantages, disadvantages and new application progress are summarized, hoping to provide references to clinicians. -
[1] 韩苏军, 张思维, 陈万青, 等. 中国前列腺癌发病现状和流行趋势分析[J]. 临床肿瘤学杂志, 2013, 18(4): 330−334. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0460.2013.04.009.
Han SJ, Zhang SW, Chen WQ, et al. Analysis of the status and trends of prostate cancer incidence in China[J]. Chin Clin Oncol, 2013, 18(4): 330−334. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0460.2013.04.009.[2] Johnson DC, Reiter RE. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging as a management decision tool[J/OL]. Transl Androl Urol, 2017, 6(3): 472−482[2020-11-09]. https://tau.amegroups.com/article/view/14927/15455. DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.05.22. [3] Taitt HE. Global trends and prostate cancer: a review of incidence, detection, and mortality as influenced by race, ethnicity, and geographic location[J]. Am J Men's Health, 2018, 12(6): 1807−1823. DOI: 10.1177/1557988318798279. [4] Center MM, Jemal A, Lortet-Tieulent J, et al. International variation in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates[J]. Eur Urol, 2012, 61(6): 1079−1092. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.02.054. [5] Brawley OW. Prostate cancer epidemiology in the United States[J]. World J Urol, 2012, 30(2): 195−200. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-012-0824-2. [6] Bashir MN. Epidemiology of prostate cancer[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015, 16(13): 5137−5141. DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.13.5137. [7] 关有彦, 邢念增, 寿建忠, 等. 全球泌尿系统常见恶性肿瘤流行病学情况及我国现状分析[C]//2019中国肿瘤学大会论文集. 重庆: 中国抗癌协会, 2019: 127−128.
Guan YY, Xing NZ, Shou JZ, et al. Analysis on the epidemiology of common malignant tumors of urinary system in the world and the present situation in China[C]//Proceedings of the Chinese Congress of Oncology 2019. Chongqing: Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, 2019: 127−128.[8] 叶定伟, 朱耀. 中国前列腺癌的流行病学概述和启示[J]. 中华外科杂志, 2015, 53(4): 249−252. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2015.04.003.
Ye DW, Zhu Y. Epidemiology of prostate cancer in China: an overview and clinical implication[J]. Chin J Surg, 2015, 53(4): 249−252. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2015.04.003.[9] 胡家玮. DKI、IVIM、DTI在前列腺癌预后分组的应用研究[D]. 大连: 大连医科大学, 2020.
Hu JW. Application of DKI, IVIM and DTI in prognostic Gleason group[D]. Dalian: Dalian Medical University, 2020.[10] 薛三宝. DCE-MRI联合DWI在前列腺癌患者诊断中的应用价值[J]. 中外医疗, 2020, 39(4): 174−176. DOI: 10.16662/j.cnki.1674-0742.2020.04.174.
Xue SB. The value of DCE-MRI combined with DWI in the diagnosis of patients with prostate cancer[J]. China Foreign Med Treat, 2020, 39(4): 174−176. DOI: 10.16662/j.cnki.1674-0742.2020.04.174.[11] Zhao N, Ma C, Ye XL, et al. The feasibility of b-value maps based on threshold DWI for detection of breast cancer: a case-control STROBE compliant study[J]. Medicine, 2019, 98(44): e17640. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017640. [12] Petersen LJ, Nielsen JB, Langkilde NC, et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT compared with MRI/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI for primary lymph node staging prior to definitive radiotherapy in prostate cancer: a prospective diagnostic test accuracy study[J]. World J Urol, 2020, 38(4): 939−948. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02846-z. [13] Li Y, Han DH, Wu P, et al. Comparison of 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT with mpMRI for the detection of PCa in patients with a PSA level of 4-20 ng/ml before the initial biopsy[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 10963[2020-11-09]. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67385-9. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67385-9. [14] 王庆云, 吴凌梅, 王庆利, 等. CT联合骨扫描检查对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断[J]. 解放军预防医学杂志, 2019, 37(12): 121−122, 125.
Wang QY, Wu LM, Wang QL, et al. CT combined with bone scan for the diagnosis of prostate cancer with bone metastases[J]. J Prev Med Chin People's Liberat Army, 2019, 37(12): 121−122, 125.[15] Jia JB, Houshyar R, Verma S, et al. Prostate cancer on computed tomography: a direct comparison with multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging and tissue pathology[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2016, 85(1): 261−267. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.10.013. [16] Hama Y, Kaji T. Long-term follow-up results of CT-guided daily adaptive radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer[J]. Anticancer Res, 2018, 38(10): 5959−5962. DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12942. [17] 邢桂林. 前列腺癌诊断中CT与MRI检查的价值对比分析[J]. 影像研究与医学应用, 2020, 4(11): 17−18.
Xing GL. Comparative analysis of the value of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer[J]. J Imaging Res Med Appl, 2020, 4(11): 17−18.[18] Eapen RS, Nzenza TC, Murphy DG, et al. PSMA PET applications in the prostate cancer journey: from diagnosis to theranostics[J]. World J Urol, 2019, 37(7): 1255−1261. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2524-z. [19] Takahashi N, Inoue T, Lee J, et al. The roles of PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer[J]. Oncology, 2007, 72(3/4): 226−233. DOI: 10.1159/000112946. [20] Liu YY. Diagnostic role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in prostate cancer[J]. Oncol Lett, 2014, 7(6): 2013−2018. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1997. [21] Ramírez de Molina A, Rodríguez-González A, Gutiérrez R, et al. Overexpression of choline kinase is a frequent feature in human tumor-derived cell lines and in lung, prostate, and colorectal human cancers[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2002, 296(3): 580−583. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00920-8. [22] Hara T, Kosaka N, Kishi H. PET imaging of prostate cancer using carbon-11-choline[J]. J Nucl Med, 1998, 39(6): 990−995. [23] Samper Ots P, Luis Cardo A, Vallejo Ocaña C, et al. Diagnostic performance of 18F-choline PET-CT in prostate cancer[J]. Clin Transl Oncol, 2019, 21(6): 766−773. DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1985-2. [24] Kitajima K, Yamamoto S, Odawara S, et al. Diagnostic performance of 11C-choline PET/CT and FDG PET/CT in prostate cancer[J/OL]. Acta Med Okayama, 2018, 72(3): 289−296[2020-11-09]. https://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/ja/56075. DOI: 10.18926/AMO/56075. [25] Kotzerke J, Volkmer BG, Glatting G, et al. Intraindividual comparison of [11C]acetate and[11C]choline PET for detection of metastases of prostate cancer[J]. Nuklearmedizin, 2003, 42(1): 25−30. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623902. [26] Nanni C, Schiavina R, Brunocilla E, et al. 18F-FACBC compared with 11C-choline PET/CT in patients with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy: a prospective study in 28 patients[J]. Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2014, 12(2): 106−110. DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2013.08.002. [27] 黄海, 赖义明, 何旺, 等. PSMA对JNK/SAPK通路的激活及对前列腺癌细胞凋亡的调控[J]. 中国病理生理杂志, 2014, 30(5): 785−791. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2014.05.003.
Huang H, Lai YM, He W, et al. PSMA activates JNK/SAPK pathway and regulates apoptosis of prostate cancer cells[J]. Chin J Pathophysiol, 2014, 30(5): 785−791. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2014.05.003.[28] Yu CY, Desai B, Ji LY, et al. Comparative performance of PET tracers in biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer: a critical analysis of literature[J/OL]. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2014, 4(6): 580−601[2020-11-09]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25250207. [29] Sawicki LM, Kirchner J, Buddensieck C, et al. Prospective comparison of whole-body MRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for the detection of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2019, 46(7): 1542−1550. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04308-5. [30] Kuten J, Fahoum I, Savin Z, et al. Head-to-head comparison of 68Ga-PSMA-11 with 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in staging prostate cancer using histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis as a reference standard[J]. J Nucl Med, 2020, 61(4): 527−532. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.234187. [31] 周星, 申太鹏, 姚玉唐, 等. 一步法合成18F-PSMA-1007及其对前列腺癌的PET/CT显像[J]. 中华核医学与分子影像杂志, 2019, 39(10): 606−609. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2019.10.007.
Zhou X, Shen TP, Yao YT, et al. Synthesis of 18F-PSMA-1007 by one-step method and PET/CT imaging in prostate cancer[J]. Chin J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2019, 39(10): 606−609. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-2848.2019.10.007.[32] Giesel FL, Will L, Lawal I, et al. Intraindividual comparison of 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in the prospective evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma: a pilot study[J]. J Nucl Med, 2018, 59(7): 1076−1080. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.204669. [33] Lindenberg L, Mena E, Turkbey B, et al. Evaluating biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: histologic validation of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT with comparison to multiparametric MRI[J]. Radiology, 2020, 296(3): 564−572. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020192018.
计量
- 文章访问数: 8685
- HTML全文浏览量: 6729
- PDF下载量: 32