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尽管DTC预后良好,然而一旦患者出现远处转移,其5年总生存率将降至50%[1]。DTC常见的远处转移部位为肺和骨,其中,骨转移对预后影响更显著。因此,早期发现DTC患者的骨转移有助于更好地对患者进行分期和预后评估,并指导临床选择合适的综合治疗方案。笔者报道了1例DTC切除术后多发骨转移的病例,其99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像(whole-body bone scan,WBS)结果呈阴性,而经131I治疗后全身显像(post-treatment whole body scan,Rx-WBS)结果呈阳性,现将其实验室检查结果、影像学特点及治疗经过报道如下。
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患者女性,46岁,2015年9月因“发现颈部肿块3月余”于湖北省恩施市建始县人民医院行双侧甲状腺次全切除术,组织病理学检查结果为双侧甲状腺腺瘤伴左侧甲状腺囊性变;2018年6月行颈部CT,结果显示甲状腺内低密度结节伴钙化,随后行双侧残余甲状腺全切除术+右侧中央组淋巴结清扫术。组织病理学检查结果为右侧甲状腺乳头状癌Ⅱ级,淋巴管有浸润,切缘未见癌细胞;左侧甲状腺腺瘤,局部边缘组织见上皮细胞非典型增生。
2018年7月,患者于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院复查,其甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)水平为2.70 ng/mL,甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)水平为36.50 U/mL(表1)。2019年1月于核医学科住院,拟行131I治疗,其血清游离T3(free T3,FT3)水平为1.75 pg/mL,血清游离T4(free T4,FT4)水平为0.37 ng/dL,促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)水平为72.58 μIU/mL,Tg水平为64.95 ng/mL,TgAb水平为66.80 U/mL(表1)。颈部超声结果显示,双侧甲状腺区异常低回声,考虑可能是术后导致的改变;可见左侧颈部淋巴结,考虑可能为异常淋巴结。行99Tcm-MDP WBS,结果未见明显异常(图1A)。综合患者的甲状腺功能、Tg和TgAb水平、颈部超声以及组织病理学检查结果,给予5.5×103 MBq的131I以在清甲的同时兼顾清灶治疗。5 d后行131I Rx-WBS(图1C)及局部SPECT/CT显像(图2A~D),结果显示左侧颈部V区淋巴结及全身多处骨组织多发摄碘灶;而CT结果显示,相应骨密度未见明显异常(图2),考虑为甲状腺癌术后伴左侧颈部V区淋巴结及多发骨转移。131I治疗后6周(2019年2月),患者的Tg水平为0.09 ng/mL、TgAb水平为155.60 U/mL;治疗后3个月(2019年4月),患者的Tg水平<0.04 ng/mL、TgAb水平为61.50 U/mL(表1)。2019年7月住院行第2次131I治疗,其TSH水平为73.95 μIU/mL,Tg水平为0.14 ng/mL,TgAb水平为21.97 U/mL(表1)。颈部超声结果未见明显异常。99Tcm-MDP WBS结果未见明显异常(图1B)。患者首次131I Rx-WBS结果提示淋巴结及多发骨转移,故第2次给予7.4×103 MBq的131I。5 d后行131I Rx-WBS(图1D)及局部SPECT/CT显像(图2E~I),131I Rx-WBS结果显示,原颈部及骨摄碘灶消失,肠道见生理性放射性浓聚,局部SPECT/CT显像结果与131I Rx-WBS结果一致。2019年9月和11月分别进行复查,Tg水平均<0.04 ng/mL,TgAb水平均<16.50 U/mL(表1),颈部超声结果均未见明显异常。
时间 血清游离T3
(pg/mL)血清游离T4
(ng/dL)促甲状腺激素(μIU/mL) 甲状腺球蛋白
(ng/mL)甲状腺球蛋白抗体(U/mL) 2018年7月 4.55 2.14 0.02 2.70 36.50 2019年1月 1.75 0.37 72.58 64.95 66.80 2019年2月 3.62 1.67 0.02 0.09 155.60 2019年4月 5.06 1.78 0.01 <0.04 61.50 2019年7月 <1.00 <0.40 73.95 0.14 21.97 2019年9月 3.37 1.31 0.63 <0.04 <16.50 2019年11月 4.07 1.67 0.01 <0.04 <16.50 正常参考值 2.00~4.10 0.80~2.00 0.55~4.78 1.40~78.00 0~60.00 注:T3为三碘甲腺原氨酸;T4为甲状腺素 表 1 分化型甲状腺癌切除术后多发骨转移患者(女性,46岁)2次行131I治疗前后的甲状腺功能结果
Table 1. Results of thyroid function of the patient with differentiated thyroid cancer with multiple bone metastases after resection (female, 46 years old) before and after 2 131I treatments
图 1 分化型甲状腺癌切除术后多发骨转移患者(女性,46岁)2次131I治疗前的99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像图和2次131I Rx-WBS图
Figure 1. 99Tcm-MDP whole-body bone scan images before twice 131I treatments and post-treatment whole body scan images after twice 131I treatments in patient with multiple bone metastases after resection of differentiated thyroid cancer (female, 46 years old)
分化型甲状腺癌切除术后多发骨转移一例
Differentiated thyroid cancer with multiple bone metastases after resection: a case report
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摘要: 笔者报道了1例分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)切除术后多发骨转移的病例,其99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐全身骨显像结果呈阴性,而经131I治疗后全身显像(Rx-WBS)结果呈阳性,通过实验室检查、组织病理学检查及影像学检查结果综合分析了该病的特点。综合分析结果提示131I Rx-WBS有利于发现DTC骨转移灶,且131I治疗对其效果显著。Abstract: The authors reported a case of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with multiple bone metastases after resection, whose 99Tcm-methylenediphosphonate whole-body bone scan was negative while 131I post-treatment whole body scan (Rx-WBS) was positive. This article clarified the characteristics of the disease from laboratory examinations, histopathological examinations and imaging examinations results. This case illustrated that 131I Rx-WBS was conducive to the discovery of DTC bone metastases, and 131I therapy has a significant effect.
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Key words:
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图 1 分化型甲状腺癌切除术后多发骨转移患者(女性,46岁)2次131I治疗前的99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像图和2次131I Rx-WBS图
Figure 1. 99Tcm-MDP whole-body bone scan images before twice 131I treatments and post-treatment whole body scan images after twice 131I treatments in patient with multiple bone metastases after resection of differentiated thyroid cancer (female, 46 years old)
表 1 分化型甲状腺癌切除术后多发骨转移患者(女性,46岁)2次行131I治疗前后的甲状腺功能结果
Table 1. Results of thyroid function of the patient with differentiated thyroid cancer with multiple bone metastases after resection (female, 46 years old) before and after 2 131I treatments
时间 血清游离T3
(pg/mL)血清游离T4
(ng/dL)促甲状腺激素(μIU/mL) 甲状腺球蛋白
(ng/mL)甲状腺球蛋白抗体(U/mL) 2018年7月 4.55 2.14 0.02 2.70 36.50 2019年1月 1.75 0.37 72.58 64.95 66.80 2019年2月 3.62 1.67 0.02 0.09 155.60 2019年4月 5.06 1.78 0.01 <0.04 61.50 2019年7月 <1.00 <0.40 73.95 0.14 21.97 2019年9月 3.37 1.31 0.63 <0.04 <16.50 2019年11月 4.07 1.67 0.01 <0.04 <16.50 正常参考值 2.00~4.10 0.80~2.00 0.55~4.78 1.40~78.00 0~60.00 注:T3为三碘甲腺原氨酸;T4为甲状腺素 -
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